Job Diversity Analysis – Human Resource

This chapter covers Job Diversity Analysis – Human Resource


diversity

differences in human characteristics and composition in an organization


work

effort directed toward accomplishing results


work flow analysis

study of way work (inputs, activities, and outputs) moves through an organization


job

grouping of tasks, duties, and responsibilities that constitutes the total work assignment for an employee


business process reengineering

measures for improving such activities as product development, customer service, and service delivery


job design

organizing tasks, duties, responsibilities, and other elements into a productive unit of work


contingent worker

someone who is not an employee, but a temporary or part-time worker for a specific period of time and type of work


person-job fit

matching characteristics of people with characteristics of jobs


job enlargement

broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed


job enrichment

increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, or evaluating the job


job rotation

process of shifting a person from job to job


job sharing

scheduling arrangement in which two employees perform the work of one full-time job


skill variety

extent to which the work requires several different activities for successful completion


task identity

extent to which the job includes a “whole” identifiable unit of work that is carried out from start to finish and that results in a visible outcome


task significance

impact the job has on other people


autonomy

extent of individual freedom and discretion in the work and its scheduling


feedback

the amount of information employees receive about how well or how poorly they have performed


special-purpose team

organizational team formed to address specific problems, improve work processes, and enhance the quality of products and services


self-directed team

organizational team composed of individuals who are assigned a cluster of tasks, duties, and responsibilities to be accomplished


virtual team

organizational team composed of individuals who are separated geographically but linked by communications technology


telework

employees work with technology via electronic, telecommunications, and internet means


compressed workweek

a workweek in which a full week’s work is accomplished in fewer than five 8-hour days


flextime

scheduling arrangement in which employees work a set number of hours a day but vary starting and ending times


job analysis

systematic way of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and human requirements of jobs


task

distinct, identifiable work activity composed of motions


duty

work segment composed of several tasks that are performed by an individual


responsibilities

obligations to perform certain tasks and duties


competencies

individual capabilities that can be linked to enhanced performance by individuals or teams


marginal job functions

duties that are part of a job but are incidental or ancillary to the purpose and nature of the job


job description

identification of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job


job specifications

the knowledge, skills, and abilities an individual needs to perform a job satisfactorily


performance standards

indicators of what the job accomplishes and how performance is measured in key areas of the job description


approaches to diversity

ignore diversity
begin the process of dealing with diversity
build acceptance of diversity
solve diversity issues and create an inclusive culture


ignore diversity

status quo is protected, possible legal issues are increased, diversity is not important


begin the process of dealing with diversity

Diversity training is provided, affirmative action compliance occurs, protected classes are a focus, conflicts and problems occur


build acceptance of diversity

Diversity pays off for company
Conflicts are reduced
Internal problem solving takes place


solve diversity issues and create an inclusive culture

Diversity permeates the company, problems are approached proactively, everyone gets along, business results improve


approaches to job design

job simplification
job enlargement and job enrichment
job rotation
job sharing


job simplification

appropriate for jobs that are to be staffed with entry-level employees
May be too boring to some people


job enlargement and job enrichment

giving employee an entire job rather than just a piece of the work
Allowing the employee more flexibility to perform the job as needed
Increasing the employee’s accountability for work by reducing external control
Expanding assignments for employees to do new tasks and develop special areas of expertise
Directing feedback reports to the employee rather than only to management


job analysis methods

observation, employee diary/log, interviewing, questionnaires


observation

observes individual performing the job and takes notes to describe tasks and duties performed
work sampling: does not require attention to each detailed action throughout entire work cycle, determine content and pace of typical workday through statistical sampling, use for routine and repetitive jobs


employee diary/log

“observe” their own performances by keeping log of their job duties, how frequently these duties are performed, and time required for each one


interviewing

talk with employees performing each job
employee and employee’s supervisor must be interviewed


questionnaires

Covers duties and percentage of time spent on duties, contact with other people, physical dimensions, jobholder characteristics, decisions made, and supervision
Position Analysis Questionnaire
Managerial job analysis questionnaire


position analysis questionnaire

focuses on worker oriented elements instead of job-oriented elements


managerial job analysis questionnaire

jobs with clearly observable routines and procedures


importance of job analysis

Systematic investigation of the content, context, and human requirements of a job
5 stages
Behavioral reactions of employees and managers and legal-compliance issues must be considered


5 stages of job analysis

planning job analysis, preparing for and introducing job analysis, conducting the job analysis, developing job descriptions and job specifications, maintaining and updating job descriptions and job specifications


legal aspect of job analysis

Job Analysis and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Fair Labor Standards Act


Fair Labor Standards Act

To qualify for an exemption from the overtime provisions of the act


Job Analysis and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA

essential job functions


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