Environmentalism Theory – Psychology Mid Exam
The key terms of Psychology Mid Exam include, Environmentalism Theory, father of environmentalism, physical punishment, maturational theory, patterns of attachment, learning theory, natural selection.
This man was considered the father of environmentalism and learning theory.
A. Arnold Gesell
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C. John Locke – correct
D. Ivan Pavlov
True or False: Rousseau posited that children become social beings interested in social relationships only in adolescence.
True, until adolescences children are self-focused or “presocial”
Which statement conflicts with Rousseau’s view of development?
A. Children should be allowed to develop and learn in their own ways.
B. Children develop their abilities and experiences at different stages in their development.
C. One’s social environment and social conformity help children to develop into healthy individuals.- correct
D. Development follows a child’s natural sequential plan.
Locke proposed that one’s environment affects learning and development by all the following except ___________________.
A. Reward and punishment
B. Associations
C. Physical punishment – correct
D. Repetition
physical punishment (Locke was strongly against physical punishment’s because of the connections it made to places and things in a negative way)
According the the text, the premature idea that children are “little adults” who can conceptualize and understand social rules has carried over into modern society, despite our knowledge of developmental maturation.
False, children today are seen less as “little adults” and more as a future adult though we often lapse into the same thinking today it is not the constant.
True or False: Gesell’s maturational theory proposed that a child’s development is naturally directed biologically.
True; child’s development is directed from within by the actions of the genes.
True or False: Reciprocal interweaving is a back and forth quality of growth that does not affect a child’s personality growth.
False; Gesell believed that it indeed characterizes the growth of personality.
True or False: Montessori’s theoretical principles were influenced by Rousseau’s views that children learn by their own maturational process and differently from adults.
True; though most of her interests were more practical she did develop a definite theoretical position much owed to Rousseau
True or False: Gesell and Montessori both believed in the child’s natural inner urgings and maturational promptings.
True; both see a child’s inner urgings as the motivation that pushes them forward to learn and grow without prompting.
Which statement is true of both Gesell and Montessori?
Children do not necessarily follow a sequence of growth.
The theories of development of both developmentalists prevailed from their inception and remained influential throughout the years.
Children will master a task by their own inner urges.
There are age norms to determine development.
True or False: The term ethology refers to the study of animal and human behavior in the context of the evolutionary process.
True
Early ethologists developed their theories by using _____________ in ______________.
observation, a natural setting
videos, a laboratory
recordings of children, a play environment
biographical data, self-reports
_________ is credited with the theory that the most fit and best adapted members of a species survive to pass their characteristics to the next generation, as a process of natural selection.
Bowlby
Ainsworth
Darwin
Lorenz
Mary Ainsworth is credited with research on ___________ in infants.
patterns of attachment
patterns of play behaviors
patterns of fixed action
patterns of instinctual stimuli
True or False: Ainsworth surmised that secure attachment in infants grew from the primary caregiver’s sensitivity to the child’s signals and needs.
True
This man was considered the father of environmentalism and learning theory.
A. Arnold Gesell
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C. John Locke – correct
D. Ivan Pavlov
True or False: Rousseau posited that children become social beings interested in social relationships only in adolescence.
True, until adolescences children are self-focused or “presocial”
Which statement conflicts with Rousseau’s view of development?
A. Children should be allowed to develop and learn in their own ways.
B. Children develop their abilities and experiences at different stages in their development.
C. One’s social environment and social conformity help children to develop into healthy individuals.- correct
D. Development follows a child’s natural sequential plan.
Locke proposed that one’s environment affects learning and development by all the following except ___________________.
A. Reward and punishment
B. Associations
C. Physical punishment – correct
D. Repetition
physical punishment (Locke was strongly against physical punishment’s because of the connections it made to places and things in a negative way)
According the the text, the premature idea that children are “little adults” who can conceptualize and understand social rules has carried over into modern society, despite our knowledge of developmental maturation.
False, children today are seen less as “little adults” and more as a future adult though we often lapse into the same thinking today it is not the constant.
True or False: Gesell’s maturational theory proposed that a child’s development is naturally directed biologically.
True; child’s development is directed from within by the actions of the genes.
True or False: Reciprocal interweaving is a back and forth quality of growth that does not affect a child’s personality growth.
False; Gesell believed that it indeed characterizes the growth of personality.
True or False: Montessori’s theoretical principles were influenced by Rousseau’s views that children learn by their own maturational process and differently from adults.
True; though most of her interests were more practical she did develop a definite theoretical position much owed to Rousseau
True or False: Gesell and Montessori both believed in the child’s natural inner urgings and maturational promptings.
True; both see a child’s inner urgings as the motivation that pushes them forward to learn and grow without prompting.
Which statement is true of both Gesell and Montessori?
Children do not necessarily follow a sequence of growth.
The theories of development of both developmentalists prevailed from their inception and remained influential throughout the years.
Children will master a task by their own inner urges.
There are age norms to determine development.
True or False: The term ethology refers to the study of animal and human behavior in the context of the evolutionary process.
True
Early ethologists developed their theories by using _____________ in ______________.
observation, a natural setting
videos, a laboratory
recordings of children, a play environment
biographical data, self-reports
_________ is credited with the theory that the most fit and best adapted members of a species survive to pass their characteristics to the next generation, as a process of natural selection.
Bowlby
Ainsworth
Darwin
Lorenz
Mary Ainsworth is credited with research on ___________ in infants.
patterns of attachment
patterns of play behaviors
patterns of fixed action
patterns of instinctual stimuli
True or False: Ainsworth surmised that secure attachment in infants grew from the primary caregiver’s sensitivity to the child’s signals and needs.
True