Drug Synthesis & Effect – Pharmacology
This chapter is about drug synthesis and effect of pharmacology.
antihistamine
blocks the action of a substance produced in tissues (activated in allergic response)
synergism
effect of combination of two drugs is greater than each drug alone
hypnotic
pertaining to sleep
idiosyncrasy
unexpected effect of a drug (peculiar to an individual)
aerosol
particles of drug suspended in air
iatrogenic
adverse effect related to being produced by a treatment
sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
narcotic
pertaining to a stupor
pharmacology
study of drugs
erythromycin
antibiotic drug produced from a red mold
analgesia
condition of lack of sensitivity to pain
chemotherapy
treatment using drugs
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
a drug that widens bronchial tubes
oral
pertaining to the mouth
antipyretic
pertaining to against fever
intrathecal
pertaining to within the sheath (of the brain and spinal cord)
antipruritic
pertaining to against itching
toxic
pertaining to a poison
antibiotic
pertaining to a drug that is against (bacterial) life
parenteral
pertaining to other than throught the intestine
anaphylaxis
exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction
synergistic
pertaining to when the effect of two drugs is greater than either alone
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
contraindication
a factor that prevents the use of a drug or treatment
vasodilator
a drug that widens a blood vessel
antidote
agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
toxicology
study of poisons (e.g., harmful chemicals and their effects on the body)
vitamin
substance found in foods that is necessary for good health and life
brand name
commercial name for a drug: trademark or trade name
chemical name
chemical formula for a drug
generic name
legal, noncommercial name for a drug
addiction
physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug
antagonistic action
combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect
antidote
agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
additive action
drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
medicinal chemistry
study of new drug synthesis, relationship between chemical structure and biological effects
molecular pharmacology
study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules, enzymes, or cell surface receptors.
pharmacy
location for preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacist
specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacodynamics
study of effects and strength of a drug within the body (e.g., drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion)
pharmacokinetics
calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time
side effect
adverse reaction that routinely results from use of a drug
receptor
target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
syringe
instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
amphetamine
CNS stimulant
anesthetic
drug that reduces or eliminates sensation
ACE inhibitor
drug that lowers BP
antacid
drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach
topical application
drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body
emetic
drug that promotes vomiting
Drug Synthesis & Effect – Pharmacology
bisphosphonate
drug that prevents bone loss and osteopenia
cathartic
drug that relieves constipation
beta-blocker
drug that is antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antianginal by blocking receptors in blood vessels
diuretic
drug that increases urine production and thus reduces blood volume in the body and lower BP
calcium channel blocker
antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and antianginal drug that blocks entrance of calcium into heart muscle and lining of blood vessels
antiplatelet
reduces that ability of thrombocytes to stick together and form a clot
anticoagulant
prevents clotting of blood (prevents clot formation or breaks up clots in blood vessels)
a natural anticoagulant purified from pig intestine or bovine (cow) lung
anesthesia
condition of lack of feeling or sensation
no excessive sensitivity to pain
analgesic
widening of the bronchial tubes
bronchodilator
combination of two drugs that have a greater effect – condition of working together
synergism
an unpredictable type of drug toxicity – condition of unknown effect
idiosyncrasy
solution in the air – particles of drugs suspended in air
aerosol
pertaining to – under the skin
subcutaneous injection
pertaining to – below the skin
hypodermic
pertaining to – no feeling, no nervous sensation
anesthesia
against nitrogen compound in the tissue
antihistamine
pertaining to sleep
hypnotic
produced by treatment
iatrogenic
pertaining to – under the tongue – drug placed
sublingual administration
a substance of red mold
erythromycin
pertaining to stupor/sleep
narcotic
pertaining to – mouth – drugs given by
oral administration
the study of preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs – study of drugs
pharmacology
pertaining to against itching
antipruritics
pertaining to against fever
antipyretic
pertaining to – within the sheath (menings) – injection
intrathecal instillation
pertaining to poison
toxic
study of harmful effects of drugs on the body
toxicology
widening of a blood vessel
vasodilator
pertaining to – within the vein – injection
intravenous injection
nitrogen substance of life
vitamin
great hypersensitivity to foreign substance – backward protection
anaphylaxis
against what is given – substance given to neutralize unwanted effects of drugs
antidote
pertaining to against life
antibiotic
against reason to prescribe a medication
contraindication
other than the intestines – injection
parenteral administration
pertaining to work equal together
synergistic
drugs effect on the body
pharmacodynamics
use of drugs in treatment of cancer & infectious disease
chemotheraphy
drugs concentration in tissue & blood measure over a period of time
pharmacokinetics
suppositories & aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum
rectal administration
injection into a body cavity
intracavitary instillation
injection within the skin
intradermal injection
injection within the muscle – buttock or upper arm
intramuscular injection
up the nose
inhalation
putting on the skin
topical application
against infection
antiseptics
through the skin
transdermal patches
against clotting
anticoagulant
against convulsions
anticonvulsants
against vomiting
antiemetic
against depression
antidepressants
against diabetes
antidiabetics
against osteoporosis
antiosteoporosis
against lower blood pressure
anti hypotension
against high blood pressure
anti hypertension
producing male
androgens
producing female
estrogens
against acids in the stomach
antiacids