ATP Molecules – Biochemistry Mid Exam
The key terms of Biochemistry Mid Exam include, Glucose, Carbon, Cell, TCA cycle, matrix of the mitochondria, Molecules, detoxification, Acid, Body, ATP, Reverse Transcription, Biochemistry, Midterm Exam.
Where in the cell does the TCA cycle occur?
matrix of the mitochondria
What is the primary organ site for detoxification?
RNA can turn back into
DNA via Reverse Transcription
Difference between RNA and DNA
The hydroxy group on 2 prime carbon indicates RNA.
Complex carbohydrates
a. include glycogen, cellulose, and starch
b. consist of many glucose molecules bound together in long chains.
c. can be energy storage molecules
d. are polysaccharides.
e.all of these – correct
The brain relies almost entirely on _______ for energy production
glucose
For long-term storage, glucose is converted to _________ while for short-term storage glucose is converted to
Fat, glycogen
Skeletal muscle cells derive most of their energy from
Glycogen
Which carbohydrate is formed from 2 glucose molecules?
Maltose
Before the payoff phase of glycolysis can begin, the cell needs to invest _____ ATP
2
The energy currency of the cell is
ATP
Given these phases of aerobic respiration list the phases in order
1. Acetyl-coenzyme A formation
2. citric acid cycle
3. Electron-transport chain
4. Glycolysis – correct
4 Glycolysis
1 acetyl-coenzyme A formation
3 Citric Acid cycle
2 Electron transport chain
During glycolysis, fructose and galactose enter the liver and are phosphorylated at carbon number
1
Anaerobic respiration produces _____________ ATPs and _____________ as a waste product
2, lactic acid
Aerobic respiration _____________ ATPs and _____ require oxygen
38 does
Which major metabolic product is produced under anaerobic conditions by muscle cells during intense exercise
Lactate
The electron-carrier molecules that are used in electron-transport chain to generate additional ATP are
NADH and FADH2
NADH is produced
from the reduction of NAD
Besides ATP the end products of aerobic respiration are
carbon dioxide water
At the end of aerobic respiration all six carbon atoms from the glucose molecule are
found in carbon dioxide molecules
Excess glucose in the body following a meal can be stored in the liver as this is for use in the near future:
Glycogen
These events occur during the reactions of the citric acid cycle except:
a. ATP production
b. NADH and FADH2 production
c. Carbon dioxide formation
d. Water molecule formation – correct
This energy-requiring process forms larger molecules by joining together smaller molecules
Anabolism
During vigorous exercise, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to
lactate
The process by which amino acids and glycerol can be converted to glucose is called
Gluconeogenesis
The energy released by oxidation of glucose is stored as
ADP
How many total ATP are made from the complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule to CO2 and H2O
38
The 6-carbon molecule that is formed by the addition of acytyl CoA to ocaloacetate is
Citrate
Amino acid carbon skeletons can be used to synthesize ________ or ________
Ketones or Glucose
The main site for gluconeogenesis is
The liver
Gluconeogenesis is the
Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors
The carbohydrate storage polysaccharide made by animals is
Glycogen
What are the storage polymers
Starch, cellulose, glycogen
A person who is lactose intolerant is deficient in which enzyme’s activity?
Lactase
what do amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, and cellulose all have in common?
starches
What condition is required in the cell for pyruvate to be converted to acetyl CoA
aerobic
How many CO2 molecules are released during one round of the Citric Acid Cycle?
2
Which metabolic step is irreversible? What consequence does that have for gluconeogenesis?
Conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA – less efficient
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Where in the cell does the TCA cycle occur?
matrix of the mitochondria
What is the primary organ site for detoxification?
Liver
RNA can turn back into
DNA via Reverse Transcription
Difference between RNA and DNA
The hydroxy group on 2 prime carbon indicates RNA.