Rational Principle – Truth & Error – Philosophy
This Philosophy lesson details rational principle, gaining truth and avoiding error and soul.
The Rational Principle states that
you should gain errors in order to learn from your mistakes
you should believe whatever makes you happy.
you should ignore your emotions when making a decision
you should gain truth and avoid error -Correct
there’s a reason for everything
If truth has merely instrumental value, then a good principle is
you should believe whatever makes you happy.- Correct
you should believe nothing at all
you should gain truth and avoid error
you should believe everything you hear
None of the above
If truth has intrinsic value, then a good principle is
you should gain truth and avoid error – Correct
you should believe everything you here
you should believe nothing at all
None of the above
you should believe whatever makes you happy.
If we ought to gain truth and avoid error, then
it is not OK to believe whatever you want – Correct
we will never have knowledge
it is OK to believe whatever you want
we will always learn from our mistakes
what’s the point, really, to anything?
The best way to pursue knowledge is
believe everything you hear
look at the evidence for claims before believing them – Correct
believe nothing at all
never consider evidence against your beliefs
believe whatever makes you happy
True or false?
According to McRaney, we can be sure that our opinions are the results of rational, objective analysis.
True
False – Correct
According to McRaney, you should _____.
move closer to the truth by seeking evidence that confirms your beliefs.
move closer to the truth by seeking evidence to the contrary of your claims. – Correct
No answer text provided.
According to McRaney, the misconception associated with the fundamental attribution error is _____.
other people’s behavior is more the result of the situation than their disposition.
you believe your opinions and decisions are based on experience and facts
other people’s behavior is a reflection of their personality. – Correct
you evaluate yourself based on past successes and defeats
McRaney describes a classic study of the fundamental attribution error conducted by Edward Jones and Victor Harris at Duke University in 1967. In this study, the students read transcripts of debaters both in support of and in opposition to the political ideologies of Fidel Castro. When the students were told the debater had no choice in the matter and was assigned a pro-Castro position, they _____.
told the researcher that the debater really believed what he or she was saying. – Correct
told the researcher that the debater might not really believe he or she was saying.
According to McRaney, first impressions are _____.
mostly incorrect. – Correct
completely correct
completely incorrect
mostly correct
That crocodile hasn’t eaten for two weeks, so it is probably hungry
“That crocodile hasn’t eaten for two weeks” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument
Yes, this is an argument . – Correct
“it [the crocodile] is probably hungry” is the conclusion. – Correct
Atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased substantially since 1800, and it is known to have a “greenhouse” effect, so it is likely that global warming is the result of burning fossil fuels.
Yes, this is an argument.. – Correct
No, this is not an argument
“it is likely that global warming is the result of burning fossil fuels” is the concluison. – Correct
“Atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased substantially…” is the conclusion
It was so hot yesterday that I couldn’t work in the garden, but it is supposed to be cooler today.
“it is supposed to be cooler today” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument. – Correct
Yes, this is an argument.
“It was so hot yesterday that I couldn’t work in the garden” is the conclusion
Anyone who either insults his or her boss or can’t use email properly deserves to be fired. I can’t use email properly I can’t use email properly, so I deserve to be fired.
“I deserve to be fired” is the conclusion. – Correct
“I can’t use email properly” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument
Yes, this is an argument. – Correct
“Anyone who either insults his or her boss or can’t use email properly deserves to be fired” is the conclusion
If I take up smoking, my health insurance rates will go up and I’ll also get sick.
Yes, this is an argument
“I’ll also get sick” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument. – Correct
“If I take up smoking, my health insurance rates will go up” is the conclusion
Although many people think that global warming is caused by humans, it is really just part of earth’s natural cycle.
“[global warming] … is really just part of earth’s natural cycle” is the conclusion.
No, this is not an argument. – Correct
Yes, this is an argument
“many people think that global warming is caused by humans” is the conclusion
The forest fire was caused by arson, since it could only have been caused by arson or lightning, and it definitely wasn’t caused by lightning.
Yes, this is an argument. – Correct
“it could only have been caused by arson or lightning” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument
“it definitely wasn’t caused by lightning” is the conclusion
“The forest fire was caused by arson” is the conclusion. – Correct
That eight-foot crocodile looks ferocious, with its huge teeth and mean eyes.
that crocodile has “huge teeth and mean eyes” is the conclusion
Yes, this is an argument
“That eight-foot crocodile looks ferocious” is the conclusion
No, this is not an argument. – Correct
Yesterday’s heat broke a record, since it was 104 degrees, and the previous high was only 102 degrees.
the previous high was only 102 degrees” is the conclusion
“it was 104 degrees” is the conclusion
Yes, this is an argument. – Correct
“Yesterday’s heat broke a record” is the conclusion. – Correct
No, this is not an argument
My car insurance rates will probably go up, since I got a speeding ticket and was thrown in jail for evading an officer.”
“I got a speeding ticket and was thrown in jail for evading an officer” is the conclusion
Yes, this is an argument. – Correct
No, this is not an argument
“My car insurance rates will probably go up” is the conclusion. – Correct
The problem of difference is
The problem of subtracting one thing from another
The problem of explaining how you are the same as everyone else
The problem of explaining how you are different from everyone else. – Correct
The problem of explaining how you are different from all babies of 20 years ago
The problem of explaining how you are the same person as some baby 20 years ago
The problem of sameness is
The problem of being too much like other people
The problem of explaining how you are the same as everyone else
The problem of explaining how you are different from all babies 20 years ago
The problem of explaining how you are the same person as some baby 20 years ago. – Correct
The problem of explaining how you are different from everyone else
Some of the different senses of “soul” are
soul = vitalist force
soul = supernatural stuff
soul = ghost
soul = mind
all of the above. – Correct
If your soul is a part or a possession of yours, then
it can be a good answer to the problem of identity
you could trade it for a better one
it fails to solve the problem of personal identity. – Correct
you could sell it for a jelly doughnut
you could lend it to someone who really needs it
According to the Physicalist Criterion for personal identity,
you are physical, but can be made out of any parts whatsoever
you are never the same person over time
any loss of parts means going out of existence
you need to have exactly the same physical parts throughout your entire life
the closest physical continuer relation is what unites a person from one time to the next. – Correct