Ocean Weather & Climate Change – Earth Science
This chapter is about ocean, weather, & climate change on Earth.
What does the principle of uniformitarianism tell us about the past?
- The past is the key to the future.
- Processes at work in the past were very different than those at work today.
- The past has no bearing on the future or present.
- The present is the key to the past. – correct
The Pacific Ocean is shrinking while the Atlantic Ocean is expanding. Which type of plate boundary must be involved in each location?
- Pacific Ocean, convergent; Atlantic Ocean, transform
- Pacific Ocean, transform; Atlantic Ocean, convergent
- Pacific Ocean, convergent; Atlantic Ocean, divergent – correct
- Pacific Ocean, divergent; Atlantic Ocean, transform
The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of the plates by convection cells in which of the following layers?
- crust
- inner core
- upper mantle – correct
- outer core
Which of the following may occur at a transform plate boundary?
- mountain building
- volcanoes
- earthquakes – correct
- formation of new oceanic crust
Earthquakes are detected by which of the following?
- barometer
- seismograph – correct
- global positioning system
- Richter scale
Ocean Weather & Climate
Which of the following statements about S waves is true?
- S waves move in a pulsating motion.
- S waves are also called secondary waves. – correct
- The S waves travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
- S waves arrive at a seismograph station first.
Why is coal not a mineral?
- It does not have a regular composition.
- It is organic. – correct
- Because it does not occur naturally.
- It is not a solid.
In a laboratory, you scratch an unknown mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain. Which property are you trying to determine?
- color
- luster
- streak – correct
- fracture
Which of the following best describes an igneous rock that formed from cooling lava?
- fine grained – correct
- layered
- coarse grained
- foliated
Sedimentary rocks that form from evaporating seawater are classified as __________.
- clastic
- fossiliferous
- organic
- chemical – correct
How do metamorphic rocks form?
- evaporation of seawater
- cooling of magma
- weathering and erosion due to water
- change due to heat and pressure – correct
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
- A stream rounds and smoothes rocks into pebbles.
- A growing tree root splits a boulder in two.
- Acid rain discolors and disfigures a limestone statue. – correct
- Freezing and thawing rainwater widens a crack in a sidewalk.
At which location will erosion take place?
- A
- B – correct
- C
- D
The sun’s energy hits earth’s surface at the most direct angle at which of the following locations?
- North Pole
- equator – correct
- South Pole
- 30° N or S latitude
Why does temperature increase with altitude through the stratosphere?
- All layers of the atmosphere increase in temperature with altitude.
- The stratosphere is closest to the sun.
- The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere. – correct
- The air molecules are closer together in the upper stratosphere.