DNA Enzyme & Gene Transfer – Microbiology
This quiz is about DNA enzyme and gene transfer – Microbiology.
An exergonic reaction
only occurs in heterotrophs.
is the synthesis of large carbohydrates.
is glucose breakdown.- correct
does not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration.
is ADP + P combining to form ATP.
What type of organism uses glucose for its carbon source and light for its energy needs?
none of the other answers is correct
chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoheterotroph
photoautotroph – correct
What type of organism can use carbon dioxide for its carbon source and hydrogen, sulfur, or nitrogen for its energy needs?
photoheterotroph
chemoheterotroph
chemoautotroph – correct
photoautotroph
none of the other answers is correct
Which describes a molecule that had an electron removed?
anabolized
oxidized – correct
biosynthesized
electronated
reduced
Which are electron carrier molecules?
NADH, FADH2 and ATP
NADH only
ATP only
FADH2 only
NADH and FADH2 only – correct
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in
acetyl CoA synthesis and glycolysis.
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system
Krebs cycle and electron transport system.
glycolysis and Krebs cycle. – correct
glycolysis and electron transport system.
The substance acted on by an enzyme is called the
substrate.- correct
none of the other answers is correct
intermediate.
metabolite.
An inactive enzyme that does not have its helper is called a(n):
coenzyme
catalyst
cofactor
holoenzyme
apoenzyme – correct
Which are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes?
cofactors.- correct
catalysts.
holoenzymes
apoenzymes.
coenzymes.
Which best describes the type of enzyme regulation where too much of the end product from a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway?
feedback inhibition – correct
coenzyme activation
allosteric activation
holoenzyme inhibition
competitive inhibition
Glycolysis produces a net gain of which of:
two ATP, two NADH, and four pyruvates
two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvates – correct
four ATP, two NADH
four ATP, two pyruvates
two ATP, four NADH, and two pyruvates
All are products of the Krebs cycle except:
FADH2
NADH
Pyruvate – correct
ATP
carbon dioxide
All can be the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration except?
O2 – correct
NO3–
CO32-
metals
SO42-
In E.coli, how many molecules of ATP can be generated from the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O?
34 – correct
38
4
2
76
As the electron transport system carriers move electrons by redox reactions, they actively pump _____ across the membrane maintaining a concentration gradient.
phosphate
NADH
oxygen
ATP
hydrogen ions – correct
Which best defines chemiosmosis?
the series of reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate
the movement of electrons from one acceptor to another
the disruption of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which dissipates energy
the breakdown of glucose to produce two pyruvates
the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase – correct
A DNA nucleotide contains:
a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base
a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base
a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base – correct
What is the formula for alcoholic fermentation?
Glucose + O2 ==> ethyl alcohol + 2 CO2 + 38 ATP
Glucose ==> 2 ethyl alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP – correct
Glucose ==> 2 ethyl alcohol + CO2 + 38 ATP
Glucose ==> ethyl alcohol + CO2 + 2 ATP
Glucose ==> 2 lactic acid + 2 ATP
Which about nitrogen fixation is true?
None is true about nitrogen fixation
Is the same as denitrification
Involves creating ammonia (NH3) from atmospheric nitrogen gas – correct
Decomposers perform to create nitrites and nitrates
Involves recycling N2 back into the atmosphere
Which complementary base pair combinations can occur in DNA?
A and U
A and G
A and T – correct
A and C
All of these base pair combinations occur in DNA.
Are statements are true except:
RNA and DNA both contain covalent phosphodiester bonds between sugars and bases.
DNA is usually double stranded and RNA is usually single stranded.
RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine.
DNA is used for shorter-term functions than RNA.- correct
RNA is usually less stable than DNA.
Which enzymes help supercoil DNA so it fits into a cell?
helicases
polymerases
primases
topoisomerases – correct
spliceosomes
The enzyme that unwinds DNA before eukaryotic replication:
DNA isomerase
primase
DNA ligase
DNA helicase – correct
DNA polymerase
All are true about transcription except:
Occurs before translation.
Requires a template DNA strand.
Requires RNA polymerase.
Occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm.- correct
Must occur before protein synthesis.
The complementary RNA copy of the DNA gene segment TAGTCGACAGGT is:
AUCAGCUGUCCA – correct
ATCTGCTCTCCA
UTGUCGTGTCCU
TAGTCGACAGGT
UTCUGCTCTGGU
Segments of a gene that are expressed in the protein are called a/an
promoter regions.- correct
exons.
introns.
operators.
operons.
How many nucleotides are in an anticodon?
6
5
2
4
3 – correct
The location of _________ is the cytoplasm for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
transcription
translation – correct
conjugation
transduction
DNA replication
The minimum change in a DNA molecule that can cause a mutation is
one amino acid
one base.- correct
DNA does not change in a mutation
three bases.
two bases.
A bacteriophage transfers DNA of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of
creation of an Hfr cell.
transformation.
conjugation.
transduction.- correct
None of the other answers is correct.
Transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring is called:
transposition
translation
vertical gene transfer – correct
horizontal gene transfer
phage transfer
Elements of DNA known as “jumping genes” are called
transformations.
transposons.- correct
introns.
exons.
transductions.
The lactose repressor protein binds to which region of a gene?
structural gene
regulatory gene
operator – correct
terminator
promoter
Which is a characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but not eukaryotic genomes?
includes mitochondrion and chloroplast DNA
enclosed in a nuclear membrane
linear chromosomes
typically consist of a few to several chromosomes
circular chromosome and possibly plasmids – correct
Which nucleotide base is in DNA but not RNA?
cytosine
guanine
thymine – correct
adenine
uracil
Which nucleotide base is in RNA but not DNA?
cytosine
adenine
guanine
uracil – correct
thymine
A DNA nucleotide contains the sugar _______ and a RNA nucleotide contains the sugar ________.
glucose, ribose
deoxyribose, glucose
ribose, deoxyribose
ribose, glucose
deoxyribose, ribose – correct
Match the term with its description
DNA Replication
same as duplication or synthesis of DNA – correct
DNA Helicase
enzyme that unwinds DNA double helix – correct
DNA Polymerase III
enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides – correct
Semi-Conservative
new chromosomes contain one old & one new strand – correct
Complementary dsDNA bases
Adenine : Thymine and Guanine : Cytosine – correct
Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and cytoplasm for prokaryotic cells
Transcription – correct
Translation
Occurs in the cytoplasm for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Transcription
Translation – correct
Uses DNA as the template strand
Transcription – correct
Translation
Creates a protein
Transcription
Translation – correct
Creates an RNA molecule
Transcription – correct
Translation
Requires a promotor region for RNA polymerase to bind
Translation
Transcription – correct
Occurs at the ribosome
Translation – correct
Transcription
If the DNA template sequence is: CTA GCA TGC CAT.
What is the complementary DNA sequence?
GUT CGT UCG CTU
GAU GCU AGC CUA
GAT GCT AGC CTA
GAU CGU ACG GUA
GAT CGT ACG GTA – correct
If the DNA template sequence is: CTA GCA TGC CAT.
What is the complementary mRNA sequence?
GAT CGT ACG GTA
GAU GCU AGC CUA
GUT CGT UCG CTU
GAU CGU ACG GUA – correct
GAT GCT AGC CTA
If the DNA template sequence is: CTA GCA TGC CAT.
What are the 4 tRNA sequences?
CAU GCU AGC CUA
CUT GCT UGC CTU
CAT GCT AGC CTA
CUA GCA UGC CAU – correct
GAU CGU ACG GUA