DNA RNA Function – Biochemistry Quiz 3
The key terms of Biochemistry Chapter 3 Quiz include, Cell, Configuration, Energy, Function, DNA, RNA.
trans configuration
the configuration in which substituent groups are on the opposite sides of a double bond
Enthalpy
The heat content of a system at constant pressure
Entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness.
energy that is available to do work
how do unfavorable reactions occur?
coupling them with a favorable reaction
Reaction coupling allows for:
unfavorable reactions to happen
What determines the lower limit of cell size
set by the minimum number of each type of biomolecule required by the cell
What is the upper limit of cell size
set by the rate of diffusion of solute molecules in aqueous systems
Who showed up first in evolution: autotrophs or heterotrophs?
autotrophs
Who showed up first in evolution: anaerobic or aerobic?
anaerobic
An organism that uses reduced inorganic compounds as its electron source
Litotrophs
obtain electrons from organic compounds
organotrophs
Are Eukaryotes more closely related to archaea or bacteria?
Archaea
which domain showed up first?
archaea. They were able to live in harsh or extreme environments
Phototrophs
trap and use sunlight
chemotrophs
derive their energy from the oxidation of chemical fuel
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Aerobic
Process that requires oxygen
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
Four major building blocks
Amino acids, Nucleic acids, lipids, sugar
secondary metabolites
pathways that lead to specialized products not found in every living cell
metabolomics
systemic characterization of the metabolome under very specific conditions
Proteomics
systematic characterization of protein complements under specific conditions
Three major functions of polysaccharides
1. energy-rich fuel stores
2. rigid structural components of cell walls
3. extracellular recognition elements that bind to proteins on other cells
Glycome
all of a cell’s carbohydrate-containing molecules
Function of lipids
serve as structural components of membranes, long term energy storage, pigments, and intracellular signals
Which is the only amino acid that occurs as its D isomer?
glycine
chiral center
carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
Stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space.
Enantiomers
isomers that are mirror images of each other
Diastereomers
stereoisomers that are not mirror images
conformation
The particular three-dimentional shape of a protein molecule
cis configuration
the configuration in which substituent groups are on the same side of a double bond
trans configuration
the configuration in which substituent groups are on the opposite sides of a double bond
Enthalpy
The heat content of a system at constant pressure
Entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness.
free energy
energy that is available to do work
how do unfavorable reactions occur?
coupling them with a favorable reaction
Reaction coupling allows for:
unfavorable reactions to happen