Amino Acid – Biochemistry Exam
The key terms of Biochemistry Exam are Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, Protein, Sucrose, Glucose, disaccharide, lactose, galactose Human, isomers, cellulose.
Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of
Glucose and fructose
Glucose, lactose and galactose are all _____ each other, in that they all have the molecular formula C6H12O6
isomers of
Glucose is used for
a. Structure
b. Energy storage
c. Quick energy
d. All of the above – correct
Which carbohydrate is not digestible and provides fiber or “roughage” in humans?
cellulose
Which carbohydrate does not come from plant sources
Lactose
Which of these food groups is not considered a good source of protein?
a. meat
b. beans.
c. milk
d. fruit – correct
What determines the three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule?
The order and chemical properties of the amino acids
The necessary coenzyme for the transamination reaction is
Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
Which of the following statements about protein synthesis is false?
a. limiting amino acids can halt protein synthesis
b. nonessential amino acids can be made through transamination
c. amino acids needed for protein synthesis come from the amino acid pool
d. Essential amino acids can be made through transamination – correct
In transamination an amine group is transferred to ________ to form a nonessential amino acid.
Alpha keto acid
The NH3 produced in muscle degradation of amino acids and other nitrogenated compounds is transported through blood to the liver using ______ as a carrier
alanine
The 3 carbon alpha ketoacid formed from the oxidative deamination of alanine is
Pyruvate
In oxidative deamination, an amine group is removed from an amino acid (usually glutamic acid) leaving ammonia and keto acid. In this process _________ is formed which can enter the electron transport chain.
NADH
Which of the following processes is involved in using proteins as a source of energy?
Keogenesis
What biomolecule is formed at very high levels in the blood of PKU patients?
phenylalanine
T/F Protein complementation combines foods containing proteins with different limiting amino acids in order to improve the protein quality of the diet.
True
T/F Proteins help keep fluids an pH balanced in the body
True
T/F Methionine is the only amino acid that contains sulfur.
False- cysteine also does
T/f Alanine exists as a zwitterion at a pH7
True
T/F Amino acid catabolism is increased during starvation
True
T/F The Urea cycle is regulated by an enzyme called CPS-1
True
T/F All amino acids are essential amino acids
False
T/F The major excretory product of amino acid catabolism is ammonia
False
T/F Protein synthesis is decreased during periods of growth.
False- increased during periods of growth
Ammonia is detoxified to urea via the urea cycle in the liver
True
Explain the major role of glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate in amino acid biosynthesis and degradation
They lose or gain an amine group to generate energy and create NH4 or NADH
An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid is called
edema
What do we call the amino acids that human beings can synthesize?
nonessential
How do humans obtain the amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body?
we eat them
Name two classes of protein in the body
structural enzymes
How many common amino acids are there?
20
Which amino acid is not chiral?
Glycine
Name the two classification of secondary structures found in proteins
alpha helix
beta sheet
The most common monomer of carbohydrate is
Glucose
Monosaccharides are
Aldoses and ketoses
A disaccharide is _____ monosaccharides joined together covalently by a________
2; Glycosidic bond
Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of
Glucose and fructose
Glucose, lactose and galactose are all _____ each other, in that they all have the molecular formula C6H12O6
isomers of
Glucose is used for
a. Structure
b. Energy storage
c. Quick energy
d. All of the above – correct
Which carbohydrate is not digestible and provides fiber or “roughage” in humans?
cellulose
Which carbohydrate does not come from plant sources
Lactose