In this chapter we discuss Fatty Acid Molecule And Compound – Biology.
Matter
Anything that has mass and/or takes up space (volume)
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions
Molecule
Any combination of atoms
Compound
Two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Number of protons
Mass Number
Number of protons plus neutrons
Atomic Weight
1 mole of a sustance = atomic weight in grams
Isotope
Atom with an abnormal number of neutrons
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle
Neutron
Subatomic particle with no charge
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle
Valence Electron
Outermost electrons in an atom
Covalent Bond
Sharing of electrons (Two non-metals)
Ionic Bond
Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions (Metal and Non-metal)
Valence shell
An atom’s outermost electron shell
Polar Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in electronegativity
Cation
Positively charged ion
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atoms is attracted to another electronegative atom
Reactants
Starting materials in a reaction
Products
Ending materials in a reaction
Cohesion
Two or more molecules of the same substance held together by hydrogen bonds
Adhesion
Two or more molecules of different substances held together by hydrogen bonds
Surface tension
Measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid
Specific heat
Amount of heat absorbed to change the temperature by 1 degree C for 1 g of a substance
Heat of vaporization
Quantity of heat required to turn liquid to gas
Evaporative cooling
As liquid evaporates surface cools since molecules left behind have less kinetic energy
Solute
The substance that dissolves
Solvent
The dissolving agent in a solution
Hydrophobic
Water fearing (will NOT mix with water)
Hydrophilic
Water fearing (mixes with water)
Temperature
Measure of heat energy as average kinetic energy
Insulation
Water is less dense as a solid, freezing creates protective barrier
Acid
Substance that increases [H+]
Base
Substance that decreases [H+]
Buffer
Substance that minimizes changes in [H+] or [OH-] in a solution
Structural Isomer
Diiference in the covalent arragnement of atoms
Enantiomers
Mirror image isomers (like your left and right hand)
Monomer
Building block (repeating units)
Polymer
Long molecule consisting of many repeating units linked by covalent bonds
Dehydration reaction
Monomers are joined together and a water molecule is lost
Enzymes
Special macromolecules that speed up reactions in cells
Hydrolysis
Polymers are disassembled and a water molecule is used
Carbohydate
Includes both sugars and polymers of sugars
Polysaccharides
Polymers with hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides
Starch
Sugar storage molecule for plants, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked)
Glycogen
Sugar storage molecule for animals, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked), extensively branched
Cellulose
Major component of plant cell walls, made of glucose monomers (Beta linked), never branched
Fat
Made of glycerol and fatty acids
Triglyceride
Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol
Saturated fat
No double bonds in fatty acid chain, solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fat
Double bonds in fatty acid chain, liquid at room temperature
