Weather Temperature and Earth Atmosphere

This chapter is about Weather Temperature and Earth Atmosphere.

What is the process where rocks, gas, and dust collided to form the planets in our solar system, including earth?

accretion – correct
outgassing
photodissociation
vaporization

Which of the following conditions characterizes atmosphere III?

water vapor- and carbon dioxide-rich
nitrogen- and oxygen-rich
hydrogen- and helium-rich
nitrogen-rich and oxygen-poor – correct

Which of the following layers of the atmosphere were most influenced by the transition from atmosphere III to the modern atmosphere?

troposphere and stratosphere – correct
thermosphere and stratosphere
mesosphere and troposphere
troposphere and thermosphere

Which gas in the atmosphere protects living things from ultraviolet light?

oxygen
ozone – correct
water vapor
carbon dioxide

Which stage of atmospheric evolution is characterized by conditions rich in water vapor and carbon dioxide?

atmosphere III
modern atmosphere
atmosphere I
atmosphere II – correct

Which of the following produced most of the oxygen that is found in the atmosphere today?

photodissociation
outgassing
living organisms – correct
condensation

Which layer of the atmosphere absorbs significant amounts of ultraviolet light?

cryosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere – correct

Which layer of the atmosphere does the space shuttle travel in?

troposphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
thermosphere – correct

What is the tropopause?

the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere – correct
the boundary between the troposphere and the mesosphere
the boundary between the troposphere and the ionosphere
the boundary between the troposphere and the exosphere

Which of the following is important for a temperature inversion?

two layers of warm air
two layers of warm air, one on top of the other
a layer of cold air over one of warm air
a layer of warm air over a layer of cold air – correct

Chemicals released into the air from human activity, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide, interact with the atmosphere to make acid rain. In which atmospheric layer does this process happen?

mesosphere
troposphere – correct
thermosphere
stratosphere

Earth’s second atmosphere (atmosphere II) was a thick atmosphere of primarily water vapor and carbon dioxide. What effects did this have on earth?

Ultraviolet light split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen.
Helium and hydrogen gases escaped earth’s gravity.
Heat energy was retained and water vapor condensed. – correct
Increased oxygen allowed reptiles to thrive.

Banded iron formations were caused by the production of which atmospheric gas?

oxygen – correct
water vapor
argon
helium

Which layer of the atmosphere contains a substance that was created from a product of living things and that protects living things?

ionopause
exosphere
ozone – correct
stratosphere

What is barometric pressure?

the pressure of the atmosphere – correct
the increase in the weight of the atmosphere as elevation increases
the pressure of 1 metric ton of seawater
the increase in temperature as elevation increases

Which process in living things evolved as oxygen levels increased in earth’s atmosphere?

aerobic respiration – correct
mold spore production
glycolysis
photosynthesis

A rising barometer indicates the approach of which of the following air masses?

cold, wet air mass
cold, dry air mass – correct
warm, dry air mass
hot, wet air mass

Earth’s second atmosphere (atmosphere II) was produced primarily by which process?

condensation
biological activity
outgassing – correct
photodissociation

Which observation indicates that rain is approaching?

rising barometer, increased cloudiness, rising temperatures
rising barometer, decreased cloudiness, falling temperatures
falling barometer, increased cloudiness, rising temperatures – correct
falling barometer, increased cloudiness, falling temperatures

Which were the earliest oxygen-producing life-forms?

dinosaurs
cyanobacteria – correct
seaweeds
ferns

Which of the following is the third layer of the atmosphere?

exosphere
stratopause
mesosphere – correct
ozone

During the day, Susan notices that the wind is blowing onshore at the beach. What is this called?

land breeze
global wind
monsoon
sea breeze – correct

Where is the sun’s energy most concentrated?

at the equator – correct
at the South Pole
in the United States
at the North Pole

What creates a global wind?

an area of low pressure
differences in heating – correct
air over the ocean
an area of high pressure

It is better to enter a port or beach during the daytime because of which of the following?

winter monsoon
land breeze
sea breeze – correct
summer monsoon

What is the area of calm winds near the equator called?

doldrums – correct
polar easterlies
trade winds
horse latitudes

Which winds did early explorers prefer to use in their travels?

polar easterlies
doldrums
trade winds – correct
horse latitudes

Where do the trade winds occur?

30° N or S
on the equator
in local areas
30° N or S to the equator – correct

Where are the horse latitudes located?

near the equator
30° N or S latitude – correct
60° N or S latitude
near the poles

The ozone layer is found in which layer of the atmosphere?

mesosphere
thermosphere
troposphere
stratosphere – correct

Which gas is found in the greatest abundance in the modern atmosphere?

helium
nitrogen – correct
neon
oxygen

Earth’s early atmosphere was shaped initially by which of the following?

outgassing of volcanoes – correct
photosynthesis of land plants
moving clouds
respiration of mammals

The atmosphere is heated most by which of the following?

conduction
convection
radiation – correct
wind

What is produced by converging trade winds?

west winds
horse latitudes
doldrums – correct
northerlies

Air flowing from the equator to the poles rises and falls in looping patterns. What are these patterns called?

convection cells – correct
emanation cells
the Coriolis effect
radiation

How does the Coriolis effect deflect objects in the Northern Hemisphere?

to the right – correct
to the south
to the north
to the left

Which of the following statements describes the movement of air?

from south to north
from low pressure to high pressure
from north to south
from high pressure to low pressure – correct

What are the lines on a weather map that connect places of equal pressure called?

isobars – correct
longitude lines
isotherms
pressure gradient forces

Which way do monsoon winds blow during the summer months?

toward the sea
counterclockwise
toward the land – correct
clockwise

Which statement best describes a difference between land and water surfaces?

Land surfaces heat up slower but cool faster than water surfaces.
Land surfaces heat up and cool down faster than water surfaces. – correct
Land surfaces heat up and cool down slower than water surfaces.
Land surfaces heat up faster than water surfaces and cool slower.

What happens to the sun’s energy when it hits clouds, ice, and snow?

It is reflected. – correct
It cools down.
It transfers heat by convection.
It is absorbed.

Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct?

The Coriolis effect works at right angles to the direction of airflow. – correct
The Coriolis effect is not affected by wind speed.
The Coriolis effect does not affect wind direction.
The Coriolis effect is weakest at the poles.

Where is the concentration of sunlight the greatest?

the equator – correct
the North Pole
the horse latitudes
the South Pole

Which is an example of weather?

the time for high tide in Daytona Beach today
the increase in temperature over North America over the past decade
the average rainfall in Arizona over the previous three months
the temperature and wind speed in Philadelphia today – correct

Which of the following air conditions would be least likely to have precipitation?

cold, moist air
warm, moist air
cold, dry air – correct
warm, dry air

Changes in air pressure directly affect which of the following?

the movement of air – correct
the temperature of air
the amount of moisture in air
the size of the air mass

Which instrument would a meteorologist use to measure weather data from the upper atmosphere?

radiosonde – correct
ceilometer
anemometer
satellite

Which device has liquid in glass components?

thermometer – correct
radar
hygrometer
celiometer