U.S Government & Health Insurance – Political Science
This chapter is about U.S Government & Health Insurance – Political Science.
Courts are considered “political” institutions because they attempt to resolve conflicts in society.
True – correct
False
The plaintiff in criminal cases is the prosecutor when the state brings suit against a defendant.
True – correct
False
Disputes between individuals or organizations that do not involve law-breaking are
called Plea Bargaining cases.
criminal cases.
civil cases.- correct
a waste of time.
Reforming the nation’s liability laws includes capping the award for Pain & Suffering. This is called
Tort Reform – correct
Joint and Several Liability
Judicial Federalism
The Lawyering of America
Small Claims, Traffic, Family, and Juvenile Courts are considered
Major Trial Courts.
Appellate Courts.
Courts of Limited Jurisdiction. – correct
Courts of Last Resort.
The Supreme Court and Supreme Judicial Court are considered
None of the above
Appellate Courts.
Major Trial Courts.
Courts of Last Resort. – correct
A felony is a crime that is punishable by a fine or less than one year in jail.
True
False – correct
Negotiated settlements between a prosecutor who reduces charges or reduces sentence in exchange for a criminal defendant pleading guilty and avoiding trial by jury is called?
Judicial Activism
Victimization Reform
Plea Bargaining – correct
None of the above
Juvenile Crime accounts for about ______ of the nation’s overall crime rate.
62%
32%
50%
16% – correct
Each of the following states appears in the Top Three states of Police Protection and Death Rates of Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers statistics, EXCEPT?
Florida
Vermont – correct
California
Texas
Broken Windows refers to
martial law being imposed in smaller communities to solve gang-related violence.
the theory that overall crime rates can be reduced by strict enforcement of laws against petty offenses. – correct
citizens-on-patrol initiatives that have dropped crime rates by more than 24%.
All of the above
According to the authors of your textbook, the national average prison time actually served by convicted murderers is eight years and eight months.
True – correct
False
General purpose governments include Towns, Townships, Counties, and Cities. Special purpose governments include School Districts and Special Taxing Districts. Together, they equal nearly
30,000 total local governments.
50,000 total local governments.
None of the above. There is no distinction between General Purpose and Special Purpose.
89,000 total local governments. – correct
Which of the following is a way to cope with dissatisfaction with community problems?
Resign yourself to the situation, do nothing, and just tolerate it.
Stay in the community and make an attempt to change things.
Move away and find a community that provides more satisfaction.
Each of the above is a way to cope with dissatisfaction with community problems. – correct
Match the following
Counties
Rural-keeps records of deeds, births, etc. Urban-planning and control of subdivisions, hospitals, etc.
Cities
Includes-mass transit, soil conservation, libraries, airports, mosquito control, Reedy Creek.
Towns/Townships
Provides common functions of police, fire, streets, sewage, sanitation, and parks
School Districts
Organized to specifically provide public elementary and secondary education.
Special Districts
Midwestern-provides roads and bridges, fire rescue New England-deliver more extensive services
Match the following
Sheriff
The chief law enforcement officer in a county.
Coroner
The county official responsible for determining causes of death occurring under violent or natural circumstances.
County Commissioner
An elected member of the governing body of a county.
County Executive
Found in some county government when a chief executive officer is elected separately from the county commission.
Town Meeting
Form of local government when the entire citizenry meets periodically to govern the community.
Cities receive their charters from state governments setting forth their boundaries, governmental powers/functions, structure/organization, methods of finance, and powers to elect and appoint officers and employees. Cities cannot do anything that is not spelled out in their charter and state law (also known as Dillon’s Rule).
With that stated, state legislatures grant Home Rule charters that give more local control and greater policy making authority over state law. Each of the following is true about Home Rule charters, EXCEPT?
Los Angeles County became the first county in the U.S. with a home rule charter.
Today, 37 states permit some form of home rule for at least some of their counties.
When voters defeat proposals for a home rule charter, it is often because they fear higher taxes.
Over half of all counties in the United States are home rule charter counties.– correct
Orlando International Airport is an example of a special taxing district.
True – correct
False
Which level of government is considered the most favorable when it comes to providing services?
State
Federal
Local – correct
None of the above. Each ranked equally.
Which election has been more beneficial to minority groups than any other kind of election?
Single-Member district – correct
Mixed district
At-Large district
Gerrymandered district
According to the authors of your textbook, during a typical half-hour local television newscast ______ is devoted to local news coverage.
1 minute and 10 seconds
8 minutes and 17 seconds – correct
4 minutes and 27 seconds
3 minutes and 36 seconds
Each of the following is considered a trait of Old Style Machine politics, EXCEPT:
Personal Attention
Merit System – correct
Assimilation
“Getting Things Done”
Federal social welfare programs led to the decline in the Machine Politics’ role in welfare work.
True – correct
False
An increase in European immigration to the United States led to the decline of Machine Politics.
True
False – correct
New Personalized Machines are centered around the mayor’s office and are most effective when mayors increase their staffs, create public agencies, and create offices that report directly to the mayor regarding construction contracts and other government contracts.
True – correct
False
Which of the following is a way in which governments attempt to connect with citizens?
Geographic Information System (GIS).
City-wide wireless zones or Wi-Fi hot spots.
Crowdsourcing / Challenge.gov
All of the above – correct
Match the following
Politico
People who run for office because they enjoy politics and hope to move on to another office.
Mayor
Elected chief executive officer of city government.
Council Member
An elected member of a local governing body.
Accountability
The extent to which elected officials must answer to his/her constituents.
Interest Groups
Civic organizations, taxpayer groups, growth management organizations, contractors, banks
Each of the following is the responsibility of city/town managers, EXCEPT:
Determining the agenda for city council meetings.
Make recommendations to the council for their consideration.
Taking public credit for being good policy makers. – correct
The city manager is the major source of information for most council members.
Match the following
Metropolitan Area
A city of 50,000 or more people together with adjacent counties with urban populations.
Fragmented Government
Multiple governmental jurisdictions (cities, towns, school-special districts) operating in a single metropolitan area.
Inner City
Area of the central city where poverty, joblessness, crime, social dependency is most prevalent.
Sprawl
Negative reference to the outward extension of new low-density residential development from the central city.
Gentrification
Movement of upper-class residents and trendy Government high-priced restaurants to downtown locations.
Which of the following supports the case for Fragmented Government?
Coordination
Public Service
Responsibility
Identity – correct
Which of the following supports the case for Metropolitan Consolidation?
Access
Effectiveness
Equality – correct
Influence
Land use rules and regulations affect
the types of business establishments in existence and conditions under which they operate.
By choosing this answer, you acknowledge that each of the above is an example of how land rules and regulations affect communities. – correct
the quantity and type of housing units.
the type of transportation systems that are used.
In community politics, the theory that power is concentrated in the hands of a relatively few people, usually top business and financial leaders is called
Centralist Model
The luck of the draw
Pluralist Model
Elite Model – correct
In community politics, the power to decide what issues or problems will be addressed by government is called
Non-decision Making
Systemic Power
Anticipated Reaction
Agenda Setting – correct
When public officials and administrators ask business and community leaders what they think “needs to be done” while ignoring input from the poor, the poor usually turn to protests, marches, or direct action to call attention to their concerns.
True – correct
False
How did local bankers, real estate developers, and builders gain “elite” status?
Seeking control of land use to expand growth
All of the above are ways these groups gained traditional elite status. – correct
Increasing revenues to commercial enterprises serving the community to expand growth
By maximizing land values to expand growth
According to our class discussion, each of the following groups oppose community growth, EXCEPT:
City newspaper reporters
Homeowner’s Associations
Environmentalists
Low income individuals
NIMBY stands for
National Institute for Barrier Yellers
Not In My Backyard – correct
National Institute for Biological Yearnings
None of the above.
In community politics, the term preferred by opponents of growth, suggesting that growth should be limited to that which does not change the appearance or lifestyle in the community is known as
Growth Management – correct
All of the above.
City Planning
Elitist Community Control
____________ is when local government ordinances divide communities into various residential, commercial, agricultural, and industrial zones.
City Planning
Livable Community Planning
Zoning – correct
Master Planning
Capital Improvement programs include the planned schedule of public projects by a city, such as parks, streets, and new public buildings.
True – correct
False
Match the following
Eminent Domain
The judicial process that government can take private property for public use by providing fair and just compensation.
Homeowner’s Association
Private associations of neighborhood home owners who are required by property deeds to obey rules and pay dues.
Building Codes
Local government regulations requiring building permits and inspections of new construction to ensure compliance with detailed specifications.
Impact Fees
Fees required from developers by local government in exchange for approval of plans due to costs created by new developments.
Planned Urban Development
Special ordinances negotiated with developers that approve mixed use development plans.
An abandoned, idle, or unused industrial or commercial property which may contain environmentally contaminated soil is called
None of the above
an Enterprise zone.
a Brownfield. – correct
urban sprawl.
Which of the following does state government control?
Helmet Laws
Drinking age
All of the above
Speed limits – correct
Each of the following states does not have a state income tax, EXCEPT:
Nevada
Virginia – correct
Texas
Florida
At one point in the history of the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that segregation was legal as long as segregated facilities were “separate but equal”.
True – correct
False
What U.S. Supreme Court ruling declared that segregation was not legal in the United States regarding education?
Segregation has always been illegal as it relates to educational opportunities.
Plessy vs Ferguson Board of Education
Theodore vs Board of Education of Petersburg
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka – correct
Hispanics are an ethnic group not race. For example, there are black Hispanics.
True – correct
False
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Americans With Disabilities Act?
Colleges and universities are required to provide tutors, extra time on exams, and other accommodations for students who qualify under ADA. – correct
Due to changes to ADA in 2011 based on the Affordable Care Act, attorneys can no longer file lawsuits on behalf of individuals who have been discriminated against.
All of the above
Based on these tighter restrictions, fewer lawsuits have been filed against private businesses.
According to the authors of your textbook, much of the value of Head Start preparation disappears after a few years of schooling.
True – correct
False
The person responsible for the management of public schools, preparing budgets, and recommending policy to the board is the
Superintendent of Schools – correct
Chairman of the School Board
Finance Manager
Undersecretary of Scholastic Affairs
Which court case determined that prayer in public schools is unconstitutional, establishing the framework allowing the U.S. Supreme Court to rule that the delivery of an invocation at high school football games was unconstitutional.
Kneel vs Pew
Miranda vs Arizona
Gideon vs Wainwright
Engel vs Vitale – correct
The Earned Income Tax Credit not only refunds the payroll taxes of the working poor; it also provides larger refunds than they actually paid in taxes the previous year.
True – correct
False
Another feature of the Social Security Act was that it induced states to enact unemployment compensation programs through the imposition of a payroll tax on
local governments.
employers. – correct
employees.
state governments.
Federal health insurance for the elderly is called
Medicare – correct
ObamaCare
SCHIP
Medicaid
Short Answer - Free Response Questions Dear student if you need help with answers/explanations to the questions below, kindly contact us and our tutors will help you explain and solve your questions in 15 minutes. You could message us on Facebook or click here to send us a request. Thank you for visiting us!
1)Briefly explain your fact-based conclusion on whether or not you support school vouchers.
Please be sure to demonstrate college-level research and college-level critical thinking skills when answering this question by using use specific examples.
Answer:
2)Chapter 17 discusses Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. Based on the information the authors of the book have shared, including your own research on the topic, briefly explain your support or opposition of the SCOTUS decisions on ObamaCare.
Please be sure to demonstrate college-level research and college-level critical thinking skills when answering this question by using use specific examples.
Answer:
3)Name one function of state government that you thought was correct prior to taking this course that you found was incorrect sometime during the semester.
Answer:
4)During the semester, you observed City government and County government, watching elected and appointed officials perform their duties. Of the two meetings that you observed, pick the one that you found least favorable. Describe how you would have changed the meeting or session had you been directly involved in the decision-making.
Answer:
5)We spent time discussing Our World topics throughout the semester.
Demonstrating college-level research and critical thinking skills, write down and briefly discuss the one topic that challenged you to do the most critical thinking, challenged you to analyze and accept opinions that differed from your own, and caused you to either change your position on the topic or solidify your opinion on the issue.
Our World Topic:
Analysis:
Answer:
Dear student if you need help with answers/explanations to the questions above, kindly contact us and our tutors will help you explain and solve your questions in 15 minutes. You could message us on Facebook or click here to send us a request. Thank you for visiting us!