Computer Software - Information Technology

Computer Software Information Technology

This discussion is about Computer Software Information Technology,

Information technology

any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization

Hardware

the physical components of a computer, physical devices that make up a computer (or computer system)

Software

set of instructions that hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you

Input device

enter information and commands

Output device

hear, see, or otherwise recognize the results of information-processing requests

Storage device

store information for use at a later time

CPU

hardware that interprets and executes software and coordinates all hardware

RAM

temporary holding area for information and software

Telecommunications device

send information to and receive it from another person or computer in a network

Connecting device

lets you connect peripherals to your computer

Application software

enables you to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks

System software

handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devices

Operating system software

controls application software and manages hardware devices

Utility software

provides additional functionality to your operating system

Personal digital assistant (PDA)

small handheld computer for personal tasks like appointment scheduling and address book maintenance

Tablet PC

pen-based computer with the functionality of a notebook or desktop

Notebook computer

small, portable, fully functional, battery-powered computer.

Desktop computer

Graphics

helps you create and edit photos and art

Communications

helps you communicate with others

Database management system (DBMS)

helps you specify the logical organization for a database; access and use the information within a database

Vertical market software

application software for a specific industry

Horizontal market software

– application software suitable for use in many industries

Utility Software

adds functionality to operating system software

Anti-virus software

detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses

Crash-proof software

helps save information if your system crashes

Uninstaller software

removes software from your hard disk

Disk optimization software

organizes information on your hard disk

Spam blocker

filters unwanted e-mail

Binary digit (bit)

smallest unit of information your computer can process

Byte –

eight bits or the number of bits it takes to represent one natural character

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

coding system that personal computers use

Keyboards

most frequently input devices for notebooks and desktops to enter information and commands

Stylus

most frequently used input devices for PDAs and tablet PCs to enter information and commands

Pointing Device –

used to input commands

Touchpad

dark rectangle you use to move the cursor with your finger

Pointing stick

a little rod, used mostly on notebooks

Scanners –

used to convert information that exists in visible form into electronic form

Image scanner –

captures images, photos, text, and artwork

Bar code scanner –

reads information in the form of vertical bars

Biometric scanner –

scans a human physical attribute, like a fingerprint or iris, for security purposes

Viewable image size (VIS) –

the size of the image on a monitor

Resolution of a screen –

the number of pixels it has

Pixels (picture elements) –

the dots that make up the image

Dot pitch –

the distance between the centers of two like-colored pixels

Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) –

– about 1 million bytes

Gigabyte (GB or Gig)

about 1 billion bytes

Terabyte (TB)

about 1 trillion bytes

Hard disk –

magnetic storage with one or more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive

Insourcing –

IT specialists inside your organization

Selfsourcing –

do-it-yourself approach many end users take with little or no help from IT specialists

Outsourcing –

a third-party organization (i.e., let someone do the work and pay them for it)

Systems development life cycle (SDLC) –

a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems

Also called a waterfall

methodology, an approach in which each phase of the SDLC is followed by another, from planning through implementation

Planning phase

– create a solid plan for developing your information system

Project scope –

clearly defines the high-level system requirements

Scope creep –

occurs when the scope of the project increases

Feature creep –

occurs when developers add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements

Project scope document –

a written definition of the project scope and is usually no longer than a paragraph

Project plan –

defines the what, when, and who questions of system development

Project manager

– an individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan and tracks the plan to ensure all key project milestones are completed on time

Project milestones

– represent key dates for which you need a certain group of activities performed

Analysis phase –

involves end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system

Business requirements

– the detailed set of knowledge worker requests that the system must meet in order to be successful

Requirements definition document –

prioritizes the business requirements and places them in a formal comprehensive document

Design phase –

build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work

Development phase –

take all of your detailed design documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system

Testing phase

– verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase

Test conditions

the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step

Unit testing –

tests individual units of code

System testing –

verifies that the units of code function correctly when integrated

Integration testing –

verifies that separate systems work together

User acceptance testing (UAT) –

determines if the system satisfies the business requirements

Implementation phase –

distribute the system to all of the knowledge workers and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs

User documentation –

highlights how to use the system

Online training –

runs over the Internet or off a CD-ROM

Workshop training –

is held in a classroom environment and lead by an instructor

Parallel implementation

– use both the old and new system simultaneously

Plunge implementation

– discard the old system completely and use the new

Pilot implementation

– start with small groups of people on the new system and gradually add more users

Phased implementation

– implement the new system in phases

Maintenance phase –

monitor and support the new system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals

Selfsourcing (end-user development)

– the development and support of IT systems by end users with little or no help from IT specialists

Prototype –

a model of a proposed product, service, or system

Prototyping –

the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system

Outsourcing –

the delegation of specified work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service

Intellectual property

– intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form

Copyright

– legal protection afforded an expression of an idea

Fair Use Doctrine

– may use copyrighted material in certain situations

Pirated software

– the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software

Privacy –

the right to left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent

Phishing (carding, brand spoofing) –

a technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft

Pharming –

rerouting your request for a legitimate Web site

Cookie –

a small file that contains information about you and your Web activities, which a Web site places on your computer

Spam –

unsolicited e-mail from businesses advertising goods and services

Adware –

software to generate ads that installs itself when you download another program

Spyware (sneakware, stealthware) –

software that comes hidden in downloaded software and helps itself to your computer resources

Trojan horse software –

software you don’t want inside software you do want

Hackers –

knowledgeable computer users who use their knowledge to invade other people’s computers

Computer virus (virus) –

software that is written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage

Worm –

type of virus that spreads itself from computer to computer usually via e-mail

Denial-of-service (DoS) attack –

floods a Web site with so many requests for service that it slows down or crashes

Anti-virus software –

detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses

Firewall –

hardware and/or software that protects a computer or network from intruders

Encryption –

scrambles the contents of a file so that you can’t read it without having the right decryption key

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

With E-commerce and the Internet, which of the following depicts a trend in advertising?

E-commerce and Internet advertising have grown while traditional advertising and commerce have remained flat.

What is emerging as a major business area of innovation that offers a flexible collection of computers on the Internet that can perform tasks previously performed on corporate computers?

Cloud Computing

Which of the following most accurately describes an information system?

A set of components that gather, analyze, store, and utilize information for making better decisions for a firm

What are the dimensions of information systems?

Organizations, People, and Information Technology

What are the steps of the problem solving process?

Problem Identification, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, and Implementation

As Julie explains to Trey, she needs sales data in order to plan future cookie production. Based on her explanation, data is defined as _____.

recorded facts or figures

When Julie describes calculating the average number of cookies sold in February, she is describing an example of obtaining _____ from _____.

information; data

Based on the information in this video, which of the following describes high quality data?

It is correct, current, and complete.

In this video dramatization, Julie and Trey discuss the need to document any changes they make to a cookie recipe. If they change the recipe for red velvet cookies and don’t change the list of ingredients they use for the procurement of inputs, this is an example of failure of data to be _____.

correct

As Julie explains to Trey, she needs information obtained from high quality data to help her make good decisions. Which of the following four documents would not be a good source of information for Julie?

a social media report that shows the total number of “likes” for each cookie

What primary goal does the San Francisco Giants’ “dynamic ticket pricing” help accomplish?

It allows ticket prices to fluctuate according to demand

Businesses in America will spend approximately $600 ____________ on hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment in 2015.

Billion

With new laws requiring the storage of emails and other important documents, estimates of information systems storage now exceeds 1.8:

Zettabytes

When talking about changes related to information technology, the text identifies three interrelated changes that are responsible for the bulk of innovations. These include the mobile digital platform, ________________________, and the growth of cloud computing.

the growing use of big data

___________________ is a business driver which focuses on ways to achieve better efficiencies to increase profits.

Operational Excellence

If a competitor to your business introduces an effective product or service (i.e., when Citibank first introduced the ATM), your need to follow is considered an example of the business driver:

Survival

A manager upset that he or she is not receiving forecasts, sales projections, or appropriate dashboards is expressing frustration for having a poor ______________ business driver:

Improved Decision Making

An automobile rental company interested in learning and adapting to the needs of its customers is focusing on the business driver:

Customer and Supplier Intimacy

Which is an example of a business using information systems for customer intimacy?

Mandarin Oriental Hotel’s customer-preference tracking system

In its simplest form, ___________ represents streams of raw facts with limited usefulness until organized.

Data

An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support which of the following?

Decision making and control in an organization

What is the name for the process of converting raw data into a more meaningful form?

Processing

What is the name for the field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm?

Management Information Systems

Information systems, management information systems, information technology, information management, and computer information systems are often confused with one another. Which of these focuses primarily on hardware and software?

Information Technology

Which of the following is NOT an element of critical thinking?

Providing iterative feedback

Which of the following business problems is NOT a problem in the technology dimension?

Complexity of task

Which of the following is NOT a step in the problem-solving process?

Solution analysis

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a typical people problem?

Political Conflict

The problem solving model consists of problem identification, solution design, ________________, and implementation.

Solution evaluation and choice

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

If you are solving a problem using the problem solving model, the phase where you identify as many possible solutions as possible would represent the ___________ phase.

Solution Design

The final phase of the problem solving model is the ___________ phase.

Implementation

Accountants rely heavily on information systems to do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Manage financial investments

Which of the following is FALSE about the information systems occupations through 2022?

Offshore outsourcing will decrease demand in the US for managerial IS positions

_____________ is the largest single group in the U.S. business labor force and this group dramatically benefits from information to help with the decision making process.

Management

Among fields such as accounting, finance, marketing, and others, which has undergone the most change because of technology in the past 5 years?

Marketing

Checking for quality and paying creditors would fall within which two functional areas?

Manufacturing and production, and finance and accounting

Enterprise Systems are also known as ________________.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

ESS, DSS, and MIS systems all fall under the generic term of _______ systems as they help with the decision making process.

Business Intelligence

What solution would a corporation use if they had a collection of mostly older systems which they wanted to connect to one another?

Enterprise applications

_____ refers to the use of social networking to extend a business’ collaboration efforts in order to engage and connect better with their employees, suppliers, and/or their customers.

Social Business

Based on the information in this video, which of the following is the most accurate description of a business intelligence system?

an information system that processes data into information containing patterns, relationships, and trends

In this video, Samir describes how business executives use a BI application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

According to Samir’s explanation to Ryan, all of the following statements about data marts are true except _____.

They are larger than data warehouses.

In this video, Samir describes the role of the business intelligence team in three primary activities that include data acquisition, data analysis, and _____.

Publishing results

Based on the information in this video, modern business intelligence reporting tools use _____ interfaces that display the results of data analysis.

Graphical Dashboard

ABB implemented a __________ system to help staff more effectively locate information about company projects and initiatives.

dynamic knowledge sharing

An antique dealer buying items and hoping to sell them for more than he or she paid for them is the very definition of a:

business

The four major functions of a business include manufacturing/production, sales/marketing, finance/accounting, and _________________.

human resources

Which of the following statements represents a responsibility of the sales and marketing functional area?

Identifying customers

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

The order fulfillment process involves which of the following functional areas of the business?

Sales, accounting, manufacturing, and production

Which of the following is FALSE about the needs for information by different groups in an organization?

Knowledge workers need access to financial performance information.

A secretary assisting management is considered a _________ worker.

Data

Which of the following entities is NOT a part of the firm’s environment?

Employees

____________ focus on day-to-day operations of a business including managing sales, payroll, and receipts.

Transaction processing systems

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

_______________ is an emerging area where data is organized in a meaningful way to help managers make data-driven business decisions.

Business Intelligence

Examining a map that depicts different colors based on flu outbreaks is an example of a digital ____________.

Dashboard

__________________ are designed to capture critical processes, procedures, and experience to ensure this critical content isn’t lost when someone leaves the organization.

Knowledge management systems

eBay is an example of a/n ___________ because it sells products over the Internet.

Electronic Commerce

Someone visiting a government website to purchase a fishing license is specifically an example of:

E-government

________________ commonly involves sites like Twitter and Facebook to collaborate with customers.

Social Business

Which of the following is NOT a reason that collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever?

Growth of outsourcing

A ______________ is a social website that allows groups to meet together and share knowledge about a specific area like coins, space, or stamps.

community

Which of the following is NOT an application used in social business?

Email

___________ commerce is a way for individuals to provide feedback and reviews about products and services.

Social

Which of the following is a file storage and synchronization service for cloud storage, file sharing, and collaborative editing?

Google Drive

A key benefit of collaboration is _______________, which focuses on deriving better and more unique ideas for products and services.

Innovation

Which capability of social software allows users to use real-time information streams, status updates, and announcements?

Feeds and Notifications

_________________ are information systems professionals who help bridge the relationships between programmers and end users to identify requirements for improved systems.

Systems Analysts

What is the advantage of having a centralized information services department, which operates as a separate department similar to other departments?

This is more likely to produce more compatible systems and more coherent long-term systems development plans.

A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.

CIO

For the sale of online used textbooks with many suppliers and low cost to switch to a different supplier, is an example of:

Customers having a lot of power

What are the four generic information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces?

Low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy

What is the domestic exporter strategy characterized by?

Heavy centralization of corporate activities in the home country of origin

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

Transnational firms have no single national headquarters but instead have many regional headquarters and perhaps a world headquarters. What is the transnational strategy characterized by?

Nearly all the value-adding activities are managed from a global perspective without reference to national borders.

Six sigma is a specific measure of _________, representing ____________________.

quality; 3.4 defects per million opportunities

Based on the information provided in this video, Porter’s Five Forces Model is useful to analyze a business and identify its _____.

strategic position within its industry

As David explains to Lauren, which of the following can force a business and its competitors to compete on price?

bargaining power of buyers

In this video dramatization, David diagrams Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. The force at the center of this model that is affected by the other forces is the _____.

intensity of rivalry within the industry

According to David, Walmart negotiates with manufacturers and wholesalers to keep their profit margins low so that Walmart can offer lower prices to its customers. This is an example of _____.

strong bargaining power of buyers [Walmart is the buyer]

Walmart’s decision to build fulfillment centers illustrates which force in Porter’s Five Forces Model?

Threat of new entrants

Which of Porter’s competitive forces model would describe an organization that loses customers due to its product prices being too high?

Substitute products and services

Which of the following is NOT an impact of the Internet on competitive forces and industry structure?

Reduces the price of products and services

Which type of activity within the value chain model is directly related to the production and distribution for a firm’s products and services?

Primary activities

Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary activity in the value chain?

Human resources management

Which of the following is NOT a way that information systems provide a competitive advantage?

Collecting and storing large amounts of data

Porter’s Five Forces Model states that the intensity of the competitive forces determines all of the following EXCEPT industry ________.

segmentation

Which of the following is NOT part of the description of a value web?

They promote communication among units.

When a firm does something in which they are a world-class leader, that activity would be considered to be a _____________ for the company.

core competency

If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a highly centralized operation with all corporate operations taking place in its home country, it is said to have a ___________ global strategy.

Domestic Exporter

A networked system configuration supports which of the following international business strategies?

Multinational and transnational

If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a highly centralized operation with financial management, but decentralizes production and marketing to other countries, is said to have a ___________ global strategy.

Multinational

If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a strategy to take advantage of local competitive advantages and avoids the notion of national boarders, it is said to have a ___________ global strategy.

Transnational

Companies often use information systems to improve quality by ______________ as a way to set standards for products and services against predefined standards.

Benchmarking

To help improve quality, Delta Airlines installed customer care systems at some of its airport gates. The goal of this information system is to improve ______________________.

customer service and the quality of the product

Automobiles have the opportunity to use computer-aided design (CAD) to create virtual models of parts and even prototype vehicles. This use of information systems to improve quality is related to ______________________.

improving design quality and precision

The acronym related to organizational improvements, TQM, stands for ____________________.

Total quality management

The popular quality management technique that specifically calls for 3.4 defects per million opportunities is called

six sigma

______________ is a term, when described from a customer perspective, that involves demanding durability, safety, ease of use, as well as service effectiveness and responsiveness.

Quality

______________ is the total time it takes a child to purchase lemonade ingredients, create the lemonade, and set up operations for a neighborhood lemonade stand.

Cycle Time

______ is the acronym related to a leading model for improving business processes to enhance competitiveness.

BPM

____________ is the final and ongoing step of the business process management model.

Continuous Measurement

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the description of business process management (BPM)?

It works on increasing process throughput and quality.

In the Datacard Case, the company decided on a complete business process transformation. An example of a successful business process redesign described in the case included ________________.

the distribution of pricing to Datacard’s partners

–

____________ is a business process improvement model which is most know———-

n and used when dramatic change is needed to gain improvements in productivity and efficiency.

Business process reengineering

With E-commerce and the Internet, which of the following depicts a trend in advertising?

E-commerce and Internet advertising have grown while traditional advertising and commerce have remained flat.

What is emerging as a major business area of innovation that offers a flexible collection of computers on the Internet that can perform tasks previously performed on corporate computers?

Cloud computing

If you include hardware, software, networking, and necessary management consulting, this amounts to over ________ in 2015 in the United States

$1 trillion

A collection of computers on the Internet that allow for innovations such as software as a service (SaaS) is simply called (the):

Cloud

IoT stands for the:

Internet of Things

For technology, which are the three interrelated advances that make MIS so exciting now and into the future?

Big data, cloud computing, and the mobile digital platform

Which of the following most accurately describes an information system?

A set of components that gather, analyze, store, and utilize information for making better decisions for a firm

What are the dimensions of information systems?

Organizations, People, and Information Technology

Apple’s ITunes and a traditional music store have very different business ___________ with regards to how they produce and deliver products to customers.

Models

An online store asking you to complete a customer satisfaction survey to better understand its customers after making a purchase is primarily addressing which business objective?

customer and supplier intimacy

An example of the business objective ___________ would include one online coin shop offering a free app that can detect fake coins, and all other online stores following this strategy or potentially going out of business.

Survival

_____ is output from an information system that is returned to key people who analyze it to, evaluate it, and refine inputs for the system.

Feedback

What are the steps of the problem solving process?

Problem Identification, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, and Implementation

What are the four elements of critical thinking?

Maintaining doubt and suspending judgment, Being aware of different perspectives, Testing alternatives and letting experience guide, and Being aware of organizational and personal limitations

The Problem-Solving Model consists of __________________, solution design, solution evaluation and choice, and implementation.

problem identification

The Problem-Solving Model phase where you determine a performance discrepancy that might be caused by an outdated system is the ________ phase.

problem identification

Regarding dimensions of business problems, a lack of properly trained employees is considered a ______________ dimension.

People

Which of the following is false about information systems?

Customers and suppliers are considered important elements of the information system as they provide key data.

_________ is when a company transfers tasks of the firm to other firms that operate in low-wage countries, possibly reducing job opportunities within the U.S.

Offshoring

What are the major objectives that businesses use information systems to achieve?

Operational excellence, new products, services, and business models; customer/supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and day-to-day survival

Because important financial documents are required to be submitted via the Internet in formats such as XBRL, ______________ has been impacted by information systems.

Accounting

_________________ has been impacted by information systems as things like traditional guest comment cards are transformed into online guest comment cards.

Marketing

Outsourcing to domestic U.S. firms and _____________ outsourcing are both considered ways to reduce costs by US organizations.

Offshore

Expansion to global markets requires more coordination of resources for a firm to create their goods. This has transformed the need for information systems for the field of ________________.

Operations management

Checking for quality and paying creditors would fall within which two functional areas?

Manufacturing and production, and finance and accounting

Enterprise Systems are also known as ________________.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Business ______________ are the strategized steps and activities that are coordinated within an organization.

processes

_______________________ are the functional business processes responsible for quality assurance.

manufacturing and production

_______________________ is the functional business process responsible for managing cash accounts.

finance and accounting

Technology, economy, politics, and global changes are typically classified best by which of the following?

Broad, general, external environment groups that influence an organization’s strategy

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

ESS, DSS, and MIS systems all fall under the generic term of _______ systems as they help with the decision making process.

business intelligence

What solution would a corporation use if they had a collection of mostly older systems which they wanted to connect to one another?

Enterprise Applications

________________ focus(es) on providing decision making data available for middle managers to make sound business decisions.

Management information systems

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

Creating a new system that provides charts and graphs to assist senior management make non-routine decisions is called (a):

Executive support systems.

Systems designed to help maintain and improve customer data and its relationship with customers are called __________________ systems.

customer relationship management

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

A single screen of graphs or charts of key performance indicators is known as a(n) ________________________.

digital dashbaord

_____ refers to the use of social networking to extend a business’ collaboration efforts in order to engage and connect better with their employees, suppliers, and/or their customers.

Social Business

What is social business?

Use of social networking platforms to engage employees, customers, and suppliers

An important word associated with social business is ___________ which includes customers, suppliers, employees, managers, and oversight committees.

conversations

___________________ is/are an application of social business that allows for the opportunity to share documents.

File Sharing

Virtually anyone can set up a(n) ________________, an application of social business which allows for publishing opinions and experiences about a variety of topics.

Blog

Which of the following is an interorganizational system that provides a seamless flow of information to both suppliers of raw materials as well as to customers?

supply chain management system

_____ is responsible for enterprise-wide governance and usage of information to maximize the value of the organization’s data.

Chief data officer

Many companies have social networks that gather and use information from customers and employees thus creating an important role for the _____ to coordinate the protection of all data.

chief privacy officer

When a leading discount store’s database was breached, a lot of attention was on the company’s ____________________, who is specifically responsible for training employees about security.

chief security officer

The senior leadership position responsible for the organization’s data is called the ____________ officer.

chief data

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

The senior leadership position responsible for the organization’s internal knowledge (i.e. tacit knowledge) is called the ____________.

chief knowledge officer

_____ are the people or groups, both internal and external to the organization, for whom applications are developed.

end users

For the sale of online used textbooks with many suppliers and low cost to switch to a different supplier, is an example of:

customers having a lot of power.

What are the four generic information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces?

Low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy

Michael Porter developed the ________________ model, which emerged as a leading model for better understanding the important concept of competitive advantage.

competitive forces

Porter’s competitive forces model includes _________ forces that impact every organization.

Porter’s competitive force concerned about barriers to entry is/are _______________.

new market entrants

in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.

Granular

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