Quantity Value Fraction Mathematics Vocabulary
In this chapter we discuss Quantity Value Fraction Mathematics Vocabulary.
a number by which another number is to be divided.
Dividend
a number to be divided by another number.
Difference
a quantity by which amounts differ; the remainder left after subtraction of one value from another.
Quotient
a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another.
Factors
a number that (when multiplied with another) produces a given number or expression.
Prime Number
a number evenly divisible only by itself and one (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).
Composite Number
A whole number that can be divided exactly by numbers other than 1 or itself.
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
The greatest common factor, or GCF, is the greatest factor that divides two numbers. To find the GCF of two numbers: List the prime factors of each number. Multiply those factors both numbers have in common. If there are no common prime factors, the GCF is 1.
Prime Factorization
Prime factorization of a number is breaking a number down into the set of prime numbers which multiply together to make the original number.
Fraction
A numerical quantity that is not a whole number (e.g., 1/2, 0.5).
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that have the same total value
Numerator
The number written above the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are described in the fraction.
Denominator
The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are in the whole.
Simplest Form
the form of a fraction when the numerator and denominator have no common factor other than 1
Multiple
The product of a whole number and any other whole number.
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
The least number that is a common multiple of two or more numbers.
Least Common Denominator (LCD)
the least common multiple of the denominators.
Proper Fraction
a fraction with a numerator smaller than the denominator
Improper Fraction
a fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator
Mixed Number
a number made up of a whole number and a fraction
Sum
the answer to an addition problem
Product
the answer to a multiplication problem
Reciprocal
In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is b/a.
Negative Number
a number less than zero
Positive Number
a number greater than zero
Opposites
two numbers that have the same absolute value but have different signs
Absolute Value
The distance a number is from zero on a number line
Integer
All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.
Zero Pair
a pair of numbers whose sum is zero
Inverse Operations
operations that undo one another
Power Exponent
Base
The factor in an exponential equation
Exponent
A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself.
Squared
A number multiplied by itself
Cubed
a number raised to the third power
Order of Operations
the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction (PEMDAS)
Rational Number
any number that can be written as a fraction
A symbol used to represent a quantity that can change
Algebraic Expression
A combination of variables, numbers, and at least one operation.
Equation
A mathematical sentence that contains an equals sign.Evaluateform an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess.
Term
Each number in a sequence
Constant
A value that does not change
Coefficient
A number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression.
Inequality
A statement that compares two quantities using <, >, ≤,≥, or ≠
Solution to an Inequality
any value that makes the inequality true
A comparison of two quantities by division
Rate
a measure, quantity, or frequency, typically one measured against some other quantity or measure.
Unit Rate
A rate with a denominator of 1.
Conversion
A change from one unit to another, like inches to centimeters.
Complex Fraction
A fraction that contains one or more fractions in its numerator or denominator.
Proportion
An equation stating that two ratios are equal
Similar Figures
Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size
Corresponding Parts
A pair of sides or angles that have the same relative position in two congruent or similar figures
Congruent
Having the same size and shape
Scale Factor
the ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons
Percent
A ratio that compares a number to 100
Percent of Change
the percent a quantity increases or decreases from its original amount
Percent of Increase
the percent of change when the new amount is greater than the original
Percent of Decrease
percent of change where the new number is less than the original number
Sales Tax
a tax on the dollar value of a good or service being sold
Mark-up
Artificial increase in price that creates more profit.
Discount
A straight reduction in price on purchases during a stated period of time or of larger quantities
Commission
A percentage paid to a store or employee for selling something.Probability like lihood that a particular event will occur
Outcome
a result or consequence
Event
anything that happens or is regarded as happening
Theoretical Probability
Probability based on comparing the number of possible favorable outcomes to the number of total possible outcomes
Pie Chart
a circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole
Tree Diagram
A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes
Compound Probability
A mathematical term relating to the likeliness of two independent events occurring.
Independent Events
Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event(s).
Dependent Events
Two or more events in which the outcome of one event affects the outcome of the other event(s).
Simulation
an imitation of a possible situationPopulationA group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same areaSamplea subset of the population
Representative Sample
a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole
Random Sample
a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
Biased Sample
A sample drawn in such a way that one or more parts of the population are favored over others.
Inference
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Mean
Mean is average
Median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
Mode
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
Range
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
x-axis
the horizontal number line in a coordinate plane
y-axis
the vertical number line in a coordinate plane
Origin
A fixed point from which coordinates are measured. (0,0)
Quadrants
Four regions into which a coordinate plane is divided by the x-axis and the y-axis
Scatter Plot
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
Ordered Pairs
Pairs of numbers (x,y) that can represent a point in a coordinate plane.
Direct Variation
A relationship between two variable quantities with a constant ratio
Function
1. A relationship from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range.
2. The action or actions that an item is designed to perform.
Input-Output Table
a table of values that follows a rule; used to show the pattern in x-values and their corresponding y-values
Slope
the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change
Angle
A figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint
Ray
A part of a line, with one endpoint, that continues without end in one direction
Vertex
A point where two or more straight lines meet.
Adjacent Angles
Angles that have a common side and a common vertex (corner point).
Protractor
A tool used to measure and draw angles.
Degrees
a unit for measuring angles
Acute Angle
an angle that measures less than 90 degrees
Right Angle
an angle that measures 90 degrees
Obtuse Angle
An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
Straight Angle
an angle that measures 180 degrees
Complementary Angles
Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees
Supplementary Angles
Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
Vertical Angles
A pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines
Linear Pair
a pair of adjacent angles whose non-common sides are opposite rays
Area
Length x Width
Perimeter
the sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
Square
A parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles.
Rectangle
a quadrilateral with four right angles
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
Trapezoid
a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides
Circle
A round plane figure whose boundary consists of points equidistant from the center
Center
the exact middle of a surface or object.
Radius
The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle
Chord
A segment whose endpoints lie on a circle
Diameter
A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.
Central Angle
an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle
Circumference
The distance around a circle
Pi
The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (3.14159…)
Composite Figure
A figure that is made of two or more three-dimensional figures.
Solid
Definite shape and volume
Face
A flat surface of a polyhedron
Polygon
A closed plane figure made up of line segments
Bases
the bottom of a figure. If the top is parallel to the bottom (as in a trapezoid or prism), both the top and bottom are called bases.
Lateral Face
In a polyhedron, a face that is not a base.
Edge
The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet.
Vertex/Vertices
The point at which two lines segments, lines, or rays, meet to form an angle.
Net
Geometry – A pattern that you can cut and fold to make a model of a solid shape.
Prism
A solid object with two identical ends and flat sides. The shape of the ends give the prism a name, such as “triangular prism” • The cross section is the same all along its length. • The sides are parallelograms (4-sided shape with opposites sides parallel)
Pyramid
A solid shape with a polygon as a base and triangular faces that come to a point (vertex or apex)
Surface Area
The measurement of the outer surface of an object.
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Slant Height
the height of the lateral side of a pyramid or cone
Mathematics
Mathematics (Greek μάθημα máthēma, “knowledge, study, learning”) includes the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. Mathematicians seek and use patterns to formulate new conjectures; they resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof.
Ruler
Measurement tool
