Neuron And Body Cells System-Psychology
In This Chapter We Study About Neuron And Body Cells System-Psychology
The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our experiences and behavior is called:
biological psychology – correct
cognitive psychology
clinical psychology
humanistic psychology
The cell body of a neuron:
provides the energy needed for the neuron to function.
regenerates about every 3 months.
manufactures myelin.
directs the creation of new neurons in response to new learning experiences. – correct
The amount of information that a neuron can receive increases with the number of _____ that the neuron has.
cell bodies
glial cells
dendrites – correct
axons
Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?
dendrite – correct
axon
myelin sheath
The part of the neuron that carries messages to other cells in the body is the:
nucleus
dendrite
axon – correct
soma
Compared to neurons that do not have myelin, neurons with myelin:
can communicate up to approximately 15 times faster. – correct
use much more energy.
do not have an axon.
are unable to communicate with other neurons.
As a general rule, communication within a neuron progresses from:
the cell body to the soma to the nucleus.
the axon to the dendrites to the cell body.
the myelin to the nucleus to the nodes of Ranvier.
the dendrites to the cell body to the axon. – correct
The all-or-none law refers to the fact that:
the myelin sheath either completely covers an axon or it does not.
either the neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or it is not sufficiently stimulated and the action potential does not occur. – correct
the resting potential occurs only when the neuron is completely depolarized.
a neurotransmitter is completely reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron or it is dissolved in the synaptic gap.
The point of communication between two neurons is called the:
nodes of Ranvier
neurotransmitters
glial cells
synapse – correct
Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?
a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons – correct
a special magnetic wave used to generate detailed images of individual neurons
a microscopic channel through which sodium and potassium ions pass
a chemical communicator manufactured by glial cells
In synaptic transmission, the action potential stimulates the release of:
potassium ions by the glial cells.
myelin by the glial cells.
neurotransmitters by the synaptic vesicles. – correct
sodium ions by the dendrites.
What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor site?
They are destroyed by glial cells.
They bind with potassium ions.
In a process called depolarization, they are neutralized by negative ions.
In a process called reuptake, they are reabsorbed by the sending neuron and recycled. – correct
Like a key in a lock, the shape of the _____ must fit the _____ to affect the postsynaptic neuron.
dendrite; axon terminal
cell body; axon terminal
neurotransmitter; dendrite’s receptor site – correct
synaptic vesicle; dendrite’s receptor site
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways discussed in the text that drugs can interfere with synaptic transmission?
by mimicking a particular neurotransmitter and producing the same effect
by blocking a receptor site and preventing the neurotransmitter from having an effect
by bonding with the neurotransmitter and changing its molecular weight and shape – correct
by increasing the length of time a neurotransmitter remains in the synaptic gap, strengthening its effects
Stimulus threshold is:
the maximum amount of information needed in order for the neuron to fire the action potential
the firing of the message down the axon
the minimum amount of information needed in order for the neuron to fire the action potential – correct
the point where you will blow up at your friend
The peripheral nervous system is made up of:
all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system
the brain and the spinal cord – correct
motor neurons
the brain
You decide to go on a hike. The conscious decision to move your legs and climb over the rocks is utilizing which nervous system?
parasympathetic
autonomic
somatic – correct
endocrine
The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _____ nervous system and the _____ nervous system.
somatic; autonomic
sympathetic; parasympathetic
autonomic; spinal – correct
reticular; adrenal
Malcolm heard a strange thumping noise just outside his bedroom window in the middle of the night. He froze in fear, and his heart began to pound. Malcolm’s heightened physical arousal involved the activation of which subdivision of the nervous system?
reticular
endocrine
parasympathetic
sympathetic – correct
Maria heard a strange thumping noise just outside her bedroom window in the middle of the night. Hearing a muffled meow, Maria realized that her cat was locked in the closet and was pushing against the door. Breathing a sigh of relief, Maria let the cat out of the closet and went back to bed. Which subdivision of the nervous system helped calm down and restore Maria’s body functioning back to normal?
sympathetic
somatic
parasympathetic – correct
endocrine
The heightened physical arousal that characterizes the fight-or-flight response involves the _____ branch of the nervous system.
somatic
sympathetic – correct
spinal
parasympathetic
In general, the sympathetic nervous system _____, while the parasympathetic nervous system _____.
arouses and mobilizes; maintains and conserves – correct
maintains and conserves; arouses and mobilizes
transmits sensory information; transmits motor information
transmits motor information; transmits sensory information
The central nervous system is composed of:
just the brain
brain and spinal chord
all other parts of the body except the brain and spinal chord
just the spinal chord – correct
The command-center of the body’s nervous system is the:
spinal chord
endocrine system
heart
brain – correct
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all of the following functions, EXCEPT:
breathing
voluntary motor functions – correct
pupil dilation
orgas