Anxiety Stress Depression Disorder – Psychology
In this chapter we discuss Anxiety Stress Depression Disorder – Psychology.
The three elements of anxiety and fear are
physiology, cognition, and behavior
Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive
Worry
Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with
Avoidance
A normal source of anxiety for a 1 to 2 year-old child is
strangers
Which of the following is a major factor in distinguishing between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?
developmental age, functional impairment, sociodemographics
Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is not true?
Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood
Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are
physiological symptoms of panic attack
Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one’s body or one’s surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are
Cognitive symptoms of panic attack
Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack is
situationally cued
Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is termed
agoraphobia
For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children’s health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing
generalized anxiety disorder
Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have
social anxiety disorder
Which of the following is NOT on of the four groups of specific phobias?
a. natural environment phobia
b. agoraphobia – correct
c. animal phobia
d. blood/injection/injury phobia
What are the 2 criteria that determine if PHOBIA should be applied to a specific fear?
1. fear causes significant emotional distress for the person
2. impairs the person’s ability to function
Steve can’t leave home without checking the doors and windows repeatedly to see that they are locked. When he finds that everything is locked, a sense of relief comes over him. Which of the following learning principles is likely to be maintaining his compulsive checking behavior?
negative reinforcement
Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called
re-experiencing
Although PTSD affects people of all ages, sexes, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because
children engage in traumatic play
Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won’t sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for
separation anxiety disorder
The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that
a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited
Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?
a. serotonin is lower in the CSF of people with anxiety disorder
b. biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increases or decreases in feelings of anxiety
c. people who are prescribed SSRIs, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease
d. all of these – correct
The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is
exposure
To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a person must have abnormally low mood that
affects the ability to function in social or work settings.
People with persistent depressive disorder may also have major depressive episodes, a condition known as
double depression
Mania is not recognized in the DSM as a separate disorder because it
almost never occurs without depressive episodes
The main difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 11 disorder is the
severity of the periods of mania
A person experiencing hypomanic episodes might not consider them problematic because they
may be times of high productivity or creativity
What describes the epidemiology of major depressive disorder
it is the most common psychiatric disorder worldwide and it affects far more women than men.
Before age 13, girls and boys are equally likely to have depression. During adolescence, rates of depression climb for girls, possibly because of
hormones, self-consciousness about bodily changes during puberty, victimization.
Passive suicide ideation includes
a wish to be dead
Compared with completed suicides, suicide attempts are
more likely in females than in males
What is a myth about suicide?
people who talk about committing suicide are never serious about it.
Neuroimaging studies of individuals with bipolar and depressive disorders have shown that
mood disorders involve a number of brain abnormalities
Stressful life events seem to lead to depression in some people but not in others. A likely reason is that
some people have more genetic sensitivity to life stress
In a interview with a clinician, a woman says, “i fail at everything i try.” Such a statement is an example of
an automatic thought
One technique used in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression asks patients to
record their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
In behavioral activation treatment for depression, the therapist and patient
develop a comprehensive list of specific goals and activities in major life areas
Second- generation antidepressants are often preferred over first-generation drugs because
they have fewer troublesome side affects
Electroconvulsive therapy is most appropriate for patients who
are severely depressed and who have not responded to other treatments.
What are some biological treatment for depressive disorders?
electroconvulsive therapy, trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation
Major Depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern is often treated by means of
exposure to bright light.