Homo Species Genes & Chromosomes – Biology Quiz 3 Ch. 4
Biology chapter 4 is about Homo Species, Genes & Chromosomes. Quiz 3 is based on this chapter.
Polymorphism refers to:
the presence of several distinct forms within a population – correct
a single gene that affects multiple aspects of the phenotype
a trait in which two alleles are co-dominant
many genes that affect a single aspect of the phenotype
A mother of known blood type A has a child whose blood turns out to be B. From this it follows that the mother:
could have several possible genotypes
must really have the blood type AB
is homozygous dominant for the trait
is heterozygous for the trait – correct
Phenylketonuria:
involves an error in metabolism
is inherited as a dominant
is inherited as recessive and involves error in metabolism
is inherited as a recessive – correct
Achondroplastic dwarfism is inherited as a dominant. Which of the following statements about the inheritance of dwarfism is false.
A mating between two non-dwarfs has a one in four probability of producing a dwarf child. – correct
A person who is heterozygous for this trait would be a dwarf.
All dwarf children must have at least one parent who is also a dwarf.
A person who is homozygous recessive for this trait would not be a dwarf.
Which of the following statements is incorrect.
It is possible to have inherited a particular allele which is not expressed in the phenotype.
Genes may be expressed differently in males and females.
A feature, such as stature, may be the result of the action of several genes.
Genes always exist in two forms or alleles. – correct
Individuals with an abnormal number of sex chromosomes:
all of these are correct
are always phenotypically female
often show abnormal sex organs and are sterile – correct
rarely survive to adulthood
A person is phenotypically male only if that individual has:
one X chromosome
an XY chromosome combination
a number of Y chromosomes which outnumber or equal the number of X chromosomes
at least one Y chromosome – correct
Not taking the possibility of mutation into account, if only one partner tests positive as a carrier of Tay-Sachs disease, the probability that they will have a child with the disease is:
1/2
3/4
0 – correct
1/4
A gene is
a segment of the DNA molecule recognizable by its specific function – correct
composed of lipid molecules
composed of proteins
a small segment of the transfer RNA molecule
Which of the following statements is not true about the Human Genome Project:
a complete human genome map would lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases
the project is an attempt to determine the base pair sequence for all human genes
the project will not be completed for another fifty years – correct
there is some concern that the project is not taking into account human diversity
Primates as a group are best defined in terms of their:
diet
specialized skeletons
adaptability – correct
specialized dentition
An example of a shared ancestral feature of the primates is:
all of these are correct – correct
retention of the clavicle
a placenta
pentydactylism
Primates can be placed into two suborders: the Prosimii, and the:
Hominoidea
Catarrhini
Anthropoidea – correct
Lorisidae
In general, the lemuriformes are characterized by:
opposable thumbs
nocturnal habits – correct
prehensile tails
all of these are correct
Which of the following traits is found exclusively among New World monkeys:
rhinarium
prehensile tail – correct
opposable thumb
stereoscopic vision
The sexual skin:
is found only in New World monkeys
is used by males to attract females
is found instead of sexual dimorphism in some primates
swells and turns bright pink or red during estrus – correct
The catarrhine nose is found among the:
Apes & Old World Monkeys – correct
Old World monkeys
New World monkeys
prosimians and tarsiers
apes
All apes belong to the superfamily:
Hominoidea – correct
Hylobatidae
Hominidae
Catarrhini
Chimpanzees:
are closely related to bonobos
are knuckle-walkers
live in flexible social groups
all of these are correct – correct
Humans:
exhibit moderate sexual dimorphism
All of these are correct – correct
have a long period of infant dependency
are omnivorous, with meat eating playing a large role
When compared with arboreal quadrupeds, terrestrial quadrupeds are identified by:
less flexibility in the shoulder
shorter fingers and toes – correct
significantly longer arms than legs
a more forward position of the foramen magnum
True brachiation is found in:
Old World monkeys
gibbons and siamangs – correct
chimpanzees and gorillas
New World monkeys
The intermembral index is a measure of:
the size of the brain relative to body size
the relative body sizes of two related species
the relative proportion of hindlimbs and forelimbs – correct
the relative body size of males as compared to females
Although it is not found or fully evolved in all species, an opposable thumb could be found as a characteristic of:
New World monkeys
Old World monkeys
All of these are correct – correct
prosimians
The foramen magnum is the:
curve that forms in the spine of humans
site of attachment for the nuchal muscle
site of attachment for the masseter muscle
hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes – correct
A jutting forward of the jaw, caused by the massiveness of the teeth and jaw, is known as:
encephalization
sagitallism
massivism
prognathism
The increase in brain size over and beyond that due to an increase in body size is measured by the:
endocast quotient
neocortex index
cranial index
encephalization quotient – correct
The larger size of canine teeth in the male baboon as compared with the female is an example of:
allometric growth
bilophodontism
karyotyping
sexual dimorphism – correct
The sagittal crest develops in response to the development of a large:
leg muscle
neck muscle
jaw muscle – correct
pelvis
In a study where a sample of the same basic proteins of humans and chimpanzees were compared, the percentage of amino acids that were found to be the same was:
80 percent
50 percent
65 percent
99 percent – correct
The two species of early hominins known from South Africa are:
Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus – correct
Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus afarensis and Paranthropus boisei
Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus afarensis
Kenyanthropus platyops is named after its most distinctive feature which is:
the appearance of a flat face – correct
an enlarged brain case
the lack of bipedalism
reduced size of the canine teeth
Which of the following statements about the Taung child is NOT true?
The Taung child was discovered by Donald Johanson in Ethiopia. – correct
The Taung child was originally classified as a hominin based on the forward position of the foramen magnum.
The Taung child is assigned to the species Australopithecus africanus.
Analysis of the dentition of the Taung child shows that prolongation of childhood, which characterizes modern humans, was not fully developed in Australopithecus.
The dentition of Australopithecus afarensis is characterized by a:
All of these are correct – correct
dental arcade that is intermediate in shape between that of modern humans & apes
canine that projects above the tooth row
small diastema between the upper canine and premolar
The genus Paranthropus is characterized by:
the presence of a sagittal crest – correct
the presence of a well-developed chin
very large incisors and canines
a cranial capacity of less than 400 cc
The oldest species of the genus Homo is:
Homo habilis – correct
Homo erectus
Homo ergaster
Homo antecessor
The earliest hominin species to be found outside the African continent is:
Homo erectus – correct
Homo habilis
Homo neandertalensis
Homo sapiens
Homo erectus is characterized by a:
All of these are correct – correct
sagittal keel
relatively large facial skeleton as compared to H. sapiens
being platycephalic
Neandertal features include:
All of these are correct – correct
forward projecting face
platycephalic skull
“bun-shaped” occipital
Homo ergaster is considered by those paleoanthropologists who originally split this new species off of what was previous called Homo erectus and those that agree with this split to be:
a species that predated Homo erectus in Africa and other areas, but in some ways displays characteristics more similar to Homo sapiens than to Homo erectus. – correct
the earliest species in the genus Homo
a species that evolved from Homo erectus in Africa and other areas, but in some ways displays characteristics more similar to the Australopithecines than to Homo sapiens
an early species of the genus Homo that had cognitive abilities greater than modern humans.
Cro-Magnon populations were characterized by:
broad, small faces
large cranial capacities
prominent chin
All of these are correct – correct
The replacement model for the evolution of Homo sapiens suggests:
Modern humans evolved one place and then spread out into different areas.
although evolution is continuous, paleoanthropologist who are proponents of the replacement model suggest that the earliest populations that we might call modern Homo sapiens, lived about 200,000
All of these are correct – correct
modern humans evolved first in Africa
In terms of hominin evolution perhaps the most important part of the diet of early H. sapiens at Pinnacle Point, South Africa, was:
shellfish – correct
large game animals
fish and water fowl
drought resistant nuts and tubers
The “Mitochondrial Eve” hypothesis traces all modern populations back to:
Africa, 2 million years ago
Europe, 100,000 years ago
Africa, 200,000 years ago – correct
Asia, 150,000 years ago
There is evidence of modern looking populations in Europe by:
150,000 B.P.
38,000 B.P. – correct
230,000 B.P.
62,000 B.P.
The find of Kennewick man implies:
all of these are correct
humans were in the New World much earlier than previously thought
Europeans arrived in the New World before those from Asia
European genes may have been included in the genome of the earliest arrivals to the New World – correct
Beringia connected:
Asia to North America – correct
Asia to Europe
Europe to Africa
Africa to Australia
The Upper Paleolithic is often defined in terms of:
the hand ax
stone blade tools – correct
the bow and arrow
choppers
After the Upper Paleolithic, people began to utilize the food resources of the environment more extensively. This period is known as the:
Modernolithic
the Greater Paleolithic
Mesolithic – correct
Neolithic
In the Middle East, the correct sequence of culture history phases is:
Neolithic, Mesolithic, Paleolithic, Iron Age, Bronze Age
Paleolithic, Neolithic, Mesolithic, Iron Age, Bronze Age
Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age – correct
Mesolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age