chapter 4- 6 Communication Network Information Technology
This lesson is about Communication Network Information Technology.
Firmware
firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small, programs and/or data structures that internally control various electronic devices.
AGP
accelerated graphics port (bus (p. 219) Bus that transmits data at very high speeds; designed to support video and three dimensional (3-D) graphics. Why it’s important: An AGP bus is twice as fast as a PCI bus.
ALU
arithmetic/logic unit ((p. 208) Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations and logical operations and controls the speed of those operations. Why is it important: Arithmetic operations are the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations are comparisons such as “equal to,” “greater than,” or “less than.”
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange ((p. 197) Binary code used with microcomputers. Besides having the more conventional characters, the Extended ASCII version includes such characters as math symbols and Greek letters. Why it’s important: ASCII is the binary code most widely used in microcomputers.)
bay
(p. 201) Shelf or opening in the computer case used for the installation of electronic equipment, (generally storage devices such as a hard drive or DVD drive. Why it’s important: Bays permit the expansion of system capabilities. A computer may come equipped with four or eight bays.)
binary system
(p. 195) A two-state system used for data representation in computers; has only two digits ⎯0 and 1 (Why it’s important: In the computer, 0 can be represented by electrical currents being off and 1 by the currents being on. All data and program instructions that go into the computer are represented in terms of these binary numbers)
bit
(p. 196) Short for “binary digit,” (which is either a 0 or a 1 in the binary system of data representation in computer systems. Why it’s important: The bit is the fundamental element of all data and information processed and stored in a computer system.)
Blu-ray
(p. 227) The Blu-ray optical format was developed to enable recording, rewriting, and playback of high-definition video, as well as storing of large amounts of data. (Why it’s important: It’s possible to fit more data on a Blu-ray disk even though it’s the same size as a CD/DVD.)
bus
(p. 209) Also called bus line; electrical data roadway through which bits are transmitted within the CPU and between the CPU and other components of the motherboard. (Why it’s important: A bus resembles a multilane highway: The more lanes it has, the faster the bits can be transferred.)
byte
(p. 196) Group of 8 bits. (Why it’s important: A byte represents one character, digit, or other value. It is the basic unit used to measure the storage capacity of main memory and secondary memory storage devices (kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, etc)).
cache
(p. 211) Special high-speed memory area on a chip that the CPU can access quickly. It temporarily stores instructions and data that the processor is likely to use frequently. (Why it’s important: Cache speeds up processing.)
CD-R
compact disc-recordable (p. 225) (Optical-disk form of secondary storage that can be written to only once but can be read many times. Why it’s important: This format allows consumers to make their own CD disks, though it’s a slow process. Once recorded, the information cannot be erased. CD-R is often used by companies for archiving-that is, to store vast amounts of information. A variant is the Photo CD, an optical disk developed by Kodak that can digitally store photographs taken with an ordinary 35-millimete camera.)
CD-ROM
compact disk read-only memory (p. 225) (Optical-disk form of secondary storage, that is used to hold prerecorded text, graphics, and sound. Why it’s important: Like music CD’s, a CD-ROM is a read-only disk. Read-only means the disk’s content is recorded at the time of manufacture and cannot be written on or erased by the user. A CD-ROM disk can hold up to 650-700 megabytes of data, equal to over 300,000 pages of text.)
CD-RW
compact disk-rewrittable (p. 226) (Also known as erasable optical disk; optical-disk form of secondary storage that allows users to record and erase data, so the disk can be used over and over again. Special CD-RW drives and software are required. Why it’s important: CD-RW drives are useful for archiving and backing up large amounts of data or work in multimedia production or desktop publishing; however, they are relatively slow.)
chip
(p. 192) Also called a microchip, or integrated circuit; (consists of millions of microminiature electronic circuits printed on a tiny piece of silicon. Silicon is an element widely found in sand that has desirable electrical (or “semiconducting”) properties. Why it’s important: Chips have made possible the development of small computers.
chipset
(p. 204) Groups of interconnected chips on the motherboard that control the flow of information between the microprocessor and other system components connected to the motherboard. Why it’s important: The chipset determines what types of processor, memory, and video-card ports will work on the same motherboard. It also establishes the types of multimedia, storage, network, and other hardware the motherboard supports.
CMOS
complimentary metal-oxcide semiconductor (chips (p. 211) Battery-powered chips that don’t lose their contents when the power is turned off. Why it’s important: CMOS chips contain flexible start-up instructions ⎯such as time, date, and calendar ⎯that must be kept current even when the computer us turned off. Unlike ROM chips, CMOS chips can be reprogrammed, as when you need to change the time for daylight savings time.)
control unit
(p. 208) Part of the CPU that deciphers each instruction stored in it and then carries out the instructions. (Why it’s important: The control units directs the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit. It also directs these electronic signals between main memory and the input and output devices.)
CPU
central processing unit ((p. 208) The processor; it follows the instructions of the software (program) to manipulate data into information. The CPU consists of two parts ⎯(1) the control unit and (2) the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), both of which contain registers, or high-speed storage areas. All are linked by a kind of electronic “roadway” called a bus. Why it’s important: The CPU is the “brain” of the computer.)
DVD-R
DVD-recordable disks ((p. 226) DVD disks that allow one-time recording by users. Why it’s important: Recordable DVDs offer the user yet another option for storing large amounts of data.)
DVD-ROM
digital versatile disk or digital video disk, with read-only memory ((p. 226) CD-type disk with extremely high capacity, able to store 4.7 or more gigabytes. Why it’s important: It is a powerful and versatile secondary storage medium.)
EBCDIC
extended binary coded decimal interchange code ((p. 197) Binary code used with large computers. Why it’s important: EBCDIC is commonly used in mainframes.)
EB
exabyte ((p. 197) Approximately 1 quintillion bytes ⎯1 billion billion bytes (1,024 petabytes ⎯or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes). Why it’s important: Although this number is seldom used, it is estimated that all the printed material in the world represents about 5 exabytes.)
expansion
(p. 202) Way of increasing a computer’s capabilities by adding hardware to perform tasks that are beyond the scope of the basic system. Why it’s important: Expansion allows users to customize and/or upgrade their computer systems.
expansion card
(p. 217) Also known as expansion board, adapter card, interface card, plug-in board, controller card, add-in, or add-on; (circuit board that provides more memory or that controls peripheral devices. Why it’s important: Common expansion cards connect to the monitor (graphics card), and speakers and microphones (sound card), and network (network card). Most computers have four to eight expansion slots, some of which may already contain expansion cards included in your initial PC purchase.)
expansion slot
(p. 217) Socket on the motherboard into which the user can plug an expansion card. Why it’s important: See expansion card.
FireWire
(p. 216) A specialized serial-bus port intended to connect devices working with lots of data, such as digital video recorders, DVD players, gaming consoles, and digital audio equipment. Why it’s important: Whereas the USB port handles only 12 megabits per second, FireWire handles up to 400 megabits per second.
flash memory card
(p. 231) Also known as flash RAM cards; (form of secondary storage consisting of circuitry on credit-card-size cards that can be inserted into slots connecting to the motherboard on notebook computers. Why it’s important: Flash memory is nonvolatile, so it retains data even when the power is turned off.
flash memory chip
(p. 211) Chip that can be erased and reprogrammed more than once (unlike PROM chips, which can be reprogrammed only once). Why it’s important: Flash memory, which can range from 32 to 128 megabytes in capacity, is used to store programs not only in personal computers, but also in pagers, cellphones, printers, and digital cameras. Unlike standard RAM chips, flash memory is nonvolatile ⎯data is retained when the power is turned off.
flash memory drive
Also called a USB flash drive, keychain drive, or key drive; a finger-size module of flash memory that plugs into the USB ports of nearly any PC or Macintosh.
flash memory stick
Smaller than a stick of chewing gum, a form of flash memory media that plugs into a memory stick port in a digital camera, camcorder, notebook PC, photo printer, and other devices.
flops
floating-point operations per second
integrated circuit
an entire electronic circuit, including wires, formed on a single chip or piece of special material, usually silicon.
machine cycle
series of operations performed by the control unit to execute a single program instruction. (It 1. fetches an instruction, 2. decodes the instruction, 3. executes the instruction, and 4. stores the result.)
MIDI port
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIPS
millions of instructions per second
optical memory cards
Plastic, laser-recordable, wallet-type card used with an optical-card reader.
parity bit
also called a check bit; an extra bit attached to the end of a byte.
Unicode
Binary coding scheme that uses 2 bytes (16 bits) for each character, rather than 1 byte (8 bits). Why it’s important: Instead of the 256 character combinations of ASCII, Unicode can handle 65,536 character combinations. Thus, it allows almost all the written languages of the world to be represented using a single character set.
word size
Number of bits that the processor may process at any one time. Why it’s important: The more bits in a word, the faster the computer. A 32-bit computer ⎯that is, one with a 32-bit-word processor ⎯will transfer data within each microprocessor chip in 32-bit chunks, or 4 bytes at a time. A 64-bit computer transfers data in 64-bit chunks, or 8 bytes at at time.
UPS
uninterrupted power supply
buses (or) bus lines
electrical data roadways through which bits are transmitted within the CPU and between the CPU and other components of the motherboard.
registers
special high speed storage areas that temporarily store data during transfer processing
astable
of or relating to a system or electric circuit that oscillates spontaneously between unstable states.
monostable
(of an electronic circuit) having only one stable state but able to pass into a second state in response to an input pulse
bistable
(of a system) having two stable states.
input hardware
devices that translate data into a form the computer can process.
output hardware
devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form that humans can understand.
hardware: 3 Types
keyboards, pointing devices, and source data entry devices.
dumb terminal
video display terminal or VDT has a display sceen and a keyboard and can input and output but cannot process data.
intelligent terminal
has its own memory and processor, as well as a display screen and keyboard
internet terminal
provides access to the internet
pointing devices
control the postion of the cursor or pointer on the screen and allow the user to select options displayed on the screen.
dpi
dots per inch
analog
continuously varying in strength and/or quality-fluctuating, evolving, or continually changing.
modem
short for “modulate/demodulate.” a sending modem modulates digital signals into analog signals for transmission over phone lines. A recieving modem demodulates the analog signals back into digital signals.
network
a system of interconnected computers, telephones, or other communications devices that can communicate with one another and share applications and data.
WAN
a wide area network is a communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a country or the world.
MAN
a metropolitan area network is a communications network covering a city or suburb.
LAN
a local area network, or local net, connects computers and devices in a limited geographic area, such as one office, one building, or a group of buildings.
HAN
a home area network uses wired, cable, or wireless connections to link a household’s digital devices.
PAN
a personal area network uses short-range wireless technology to connect an individual’s personal electronics.
home automations network
this network relies on very inexpensive, very short-range, low-power wireless technology in the under-200-Kpbs range to link switches and sensors around the house.
client/server network
a network that consists of clients, which are microcomputers that request data, and servers, which are computers used to supply data.
peer-to-peer network
a network in which all microcomputers on the network communicate directly with one another without relying on a server.
intranet
an organization’s internal private network that uses the infrastructure and standards of the internet and the web.
extranet
a private intranet that connects not only internal personnal but also selected suppliers and other stategic parties.
VPN (or) virtual private network
a private network that uses a public network, (usually the internet) to connect remote sites.
host computer
a mainframe or midsize central computer that controls the network.
node
any device that is attached to a network-for example, a microcomputer, terminal, storage device, or printer.
packet
a fixed length block of data for transmission.
protocol (or) communications protocol
a set of conventions governing the exchange of data between hardware and/or software components in a communications network.
hub
a common connection point for devices in a network- a place of convergence where data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded out in one or more other directions.
switch
a device that connects computers to a network
bridge
an interface used to connect the same types of networks.
gateway
an interface permitting communication between dissimilar networks.
router
a special computer that directs communicating messages when several networks are connected together.
backbone
consists of the main highway – including gateways, routers, and other communications equipment – that connects all computer networks in an organization.
topology
the logical layout, or shape, of a network.
bus network
a network in which all nodes are connected to a single wire or cable, the bus, which has two endpoints. Each communications device on the network transmits electronic messages to other devices.
ring network
a network in which all microcomputers and other communications devices are connected in a continuous loop.
star network
a network in which all microcomputers and other communications devices are directly connected to a central server.
Ethernet
a LAN technology that can be used with almost any kind of computer and that describes how data can be sent in packets in between computers and other networked devices usually in close proximity.
twisted pair wire
consists of two strands of insulated copper wire, twisted around each other. This twisted-pair configuration (compared to straight wire) somewhat reduces interference (called “crosstalk”) from electrical fields.
coaxial cable (commonly called) co-ax
a high-frequency transmission cable that consists of insulated copper wire wrapped in a solid or braided metal sheild and then in an external plastic cover.
fiber-optic cable
consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that transmit pulsating beams of light rather than electricity.
HomePNA technology
an alliance of leading technology companies working to ensure the adoption of a single, unified existing wire (telephone and cable) home-networking standard that transmits data at about 320 megabits per second.
HomePlug technology
a standard that allows users to send data over a home’s existing electrical (AC) power lines.
electromagnetic spectrum of radiation
the basis for all telecommunications signals, carried by both wire and wireless media.
radio-frequency (or) RF spectrum
fields of electrical energy and magnetic energy that carry most communications signals.
bandwidth
the range, or band, of frequencies that a transmission medium can carry in a given period of time.
narrowband
also known as voiceband, is used for regular telephone communications
broadband
the bandwidth used to transmit high-speed data and high-quality audio and video.
WAP
wireless application protocol is designed to link nearly all mobile devices to your telecommunications carrier’s wireless network and content providers.
infrared wireless transmission
sends data signals using infrared-light waves at a frequency to low (1-16 megabits per second) for human eyes to recieve and interpret.
broadcast radio
a wireless transmission medium that sends data over long distances at up to 2 megabits per second – between regions, states, or countries.
cellular radio
a medium of transmission that is widely used for cellphones and wireless modems, using high-frequency radio waves to transmit voice and digital messages.
microwave radio
a medium of transmission that transmits voice and data at 45 megabits per second through the atmosphere as super-high frequency radio waves called microwaves, which vibrate at 2.4 gigahertz (2.4 billion hertz) per second or higher.
communications satellites
microwave relay stations in orbit around the earth.
GEO
geostationary earth orbit satellites. 22,300 miles above the earth at the equator.
MEO
medium-earth orbit satellites. 5,000 to 10,000 miles above the earth’s surface.
LEO
low-earth orbit satellites. 200 to 1,000 miles up. LEO satellites have no signal delay.
GPS (global positioning system)
GPS consists of 24 to 32 MEO earth-orbiting satellites continuously transmitting timed radio signals that can be used to identify earth locations.
pagers
simple radio recievers that receive data sent from a special radio transmitter.
analog cellphones
devices designed primarily for communicating by voice through a system of ground-area cells. Each cell is hexagonal in shape, usually 8 miles or less in diameter, and is served by a transmitter receiving tower.
digital wireless services
a network which supports digital cell-phones and personal assistants – and uses a network of cell towers to send voice communications and data over the airwaves in digital form.
Wi-Fi (short for wireless fidelity)
a short-range wireless digital standard aimed at helping portable computers and handheld wireless devices to communicate at high speeds and share internet connections at distances of 100 to 280 feet.
Wi-Fi a
The 802.11a standard uses the same data link layer protocol and frame format as the original standard, but an OFDM based air interface (physical layer). It operates in the 5 GHz band with a maximum net data rate of 54 Mbit/s, plus error correction code, which yields realistic net achievable throughput in the mid-20 Mbit/s
Wi-Fi b
802.11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit/s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard. 802.11b products appeared on the market in early 2000, since 802.11b is a direct extension of the modulation technique defined in the original standard. The dramatic increase in throughput of 802.11b (compared to the original standard) along with simultaneous substantial price reductions led to the rapid acceptance of 802.11b as the definitive wireless LAN technology.
Wi-Fi g
In June 2003, a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g. This works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b), but uses the same OFDM based transmission scheme as 802.11a. It operates at a maximum physical layer bit rate of 54 Mbit/s exclusive of forward error correction codes, or about 22 Mbit/s average throughput. 802.11g hardware is fully backwards compatible with 802.11b hardware and therefore is encumbered with legacy issues that reduce throughput when compared to 802.11a by ~21%
Wi-Fi n
802.11n is an amendment which improves upon the previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO). 802.11n operates on both the 2.4GHz and the lesser used 5 GHz bands. The IEEE has approved the amendment and it was published in October 2009. Prior to the final ratification, enterprises were already migrating to 802.11n networks based on the Wi-Fi Alliance’s certification of products conforming to a 2007 draft of the 802.11n proposal.
Bluetooth
a short-range wireless digital standard aimed at linking cellphones, PDAs, computers, and peripherals up to distances of about 30 feet.
ultra wideband
a promising technology operating in the range of 480 megabits per second up to about 30 feet that uses a low power source to send out millions of bursts of radio energy every second over many different frequencies, which are then reassembled by a UWB receiver.
wireless USB (WUSB)
has a typical range of 32 feet and a maximum data rate of 480 megabits per second.
denial-of-service (DoS) attacks
consists of making repeated requests of a computer system or network, thereby overloading it and denying legitimate users access to it.
worm
a program that copies itself repeatedly into a computer’s memory or into a disk drive.
virus
a “deviant” program, stored on a computer floppy disk, hard drive, or CD, that can cause unexpected and often undesirable effects, such as destroying or corrupting data.
trojan horse
a program that pretends to be a useful program, and usually free, such as a game or screen saver, but carries viruses, or destructive instructions, that perpetrate mischief without your knowledge.
hackers
1. computer enthusiasts, people who enjoy learning programming languages and computer systems, but also 2. people who gain unauthorized access to computers or networks, often just for the challenge of it.
crackers
malicious hackers, people who break into computers for malicious purposes.
antivirus software
software that scans a computer’s hard disk, CDs, and main memory to detect viruses and, sometimes, to destroy them.
firewall
a system of hardware and/or software that protects a computer or a network from intruders.
encryption
the process of altering readable data into unreadable form to prevent unauthorized access.
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
With E-commerce and the Internet, which of the following depicts a trend in advertising?
E-commerce and Internet advertising have grown while traditional advertising and commerce have remained flat.
What is emerging as a major business area of innovation that offers a flexible collection of computers on the Internet that can perform tasks previously performed on corporate computers?
Cloud Computing
Which of the following most accurately describes an information system?
A set of components that gather, analyze, store, and utilize information for making better decisions for a firm
What are the dimensions of information systems?
Organizations, People, and Information Technology
What are the steps of the problem solving process?
Problem Identification, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, and Implementation
As Julie explains to Trey, she needs sales data in order to plan future cookie production. Based on her explanation, data is defined as _____.
recorded facts or figures
When Julie describes calculating the average number of cookies sold in February, she is describing an example of obtaining _____ from _____.
information; data
Based on the information in this video, which of the following describes high quality data?
It is correct, current, and complete.
In this video dramatization, Julie and Trey discuss the need to document any changes they make to a cookie recipe. If they change the recipe for red velvet cookies and don’t change the list of ingredients they use for the procurement of inputs, this is an example of failure of data to be _____.
correct
As Julie explains to Trey, she needs information obtained from high quality data to help her make good decisions. Which of the following four documents would not be a good source of information for Julie?
a social media report that shows the total number of “likes” for each cookie
What primary goal does the San Francisco Giants’ “dynamic ticket pricing” help accomplish?
It allows ticket prices to fluctuate according to demand
Businesses in America will spend approximately $600 ____________ on hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment in 2015.
Billion
With new laws requiring the storage of emails and other important documents, estimates of information systems storage now exceeds 1.8:
Zettabytes
When talking about changes related to information technology, the text identifies three interrelated changes that are responsible for the bulk of innovations. These include the mobile digital platform, ________________________, and the growth of cloud computing.
the growing use of big data
___________________ is a business driver which focuses on ways to achieve better efficiencies to increase profits.
Operational Excellence
If a competitor to your business introduces an effective product or service (i.e., when Citibank first introduced the ATM), your need to follow is considered an example of the business driver:
Survival
A manager upset that he or she is not receiving forecasts, sales projections, or appropriate dashboards is expressing frustration for having a poor ______________ business driver:
Improved Decision Making
An automobile rental company interested in learning and adapting to the needs of its customers is focusing on the business driver:
Customer and Supplier Intimacy
Which is an example of a business using information systems for customer intimacy?
Mandarin Oriental Hotel’s customer-preference tracking system
In its simplest form, ___________ represents streams of raw facts with limited usefulness until organized.
Data
An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support which of the following?
Decision making and control in an organization
What is the name for the process of converting raw data into a more meaningful form?
Processing
What is the name for the field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm?
Management Information Systems
Information systems, management information systems, information technology, information management, and computer information systems are often confused with one another. Which of these focuses primarily on hardware and software?
Information Technology
Which of the following is NOT an element of critical thinking?
Providing iterative feedback
Which of the following business problems is NOT a problem in the technology dimension?
Complexity of task
Which of the following is NOT a step in the problem-solving process?
Solution analysis
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a typical people problem?
Political Conflict
The problem solving model consists of problem identification, solution design, ________________, and implementation.
Solution evaluation and choice
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
If you are solving a problem using the problem solving model, the phase where you identify as many possible solutions as possible would represent the ___________ phase.
Solution Design
The final phase of the problem solving model is the ___________ phase.
Implementation
Accountants rely heavily on information systems to do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
Manage financial investments
Which of the following is FALSE about the information systems occupations through 2022?
Offshore outsourcing will decrease demand in the US for managerial IS positions
_____________ is the largest single group in the U.S. business labor force and this group dramatically benefits from information to help with the decision making process.
Management
Among fields such as accounting, finance, marketing, and others, which has undergone the most change because of technology in the past 5 years?
Marketing
Checking for quality and paying creditors would fall within which two functional areas?
Manufacturing and production, and finance and accounting
Enterprise Systems are also known as ________________.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
ESS, DSS, and MIS systems all fall under the generic term of _______ systems as they help with the decision making process.
Business Intelligence
What solution would a corporation use if they had a collection of mostly older systems which they wanted to connect to one another?
Enterprise applications
_____ refers to the use of social networking to extend a business’ collaboration efforts in order to engage and connect better with their employees, suppliers, and/or their customers.
Social Business
Based on the information in this video, which of the following is the most accurate description of a business intelligence system?
an information system that processes data into information containing patterns, relationships, and trends
In this video, Samir describes how business executives use a BI application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
According to Samir’s explanation to Ryan, all of the following statements about data marts are true except _____.
They are larger than data warehouses.
In this video, Samir describes the role of the business intelligence team in three primary activities that include data acquisition, data analysis, and _____.
Publishing results
Based on the information in this video, modern business intelligence reporting tools use _____ interfaces that display the results of data analysis.
Graphical Dashboard
ABB implemented a __________ system to help staff more effectively locate information about company projects and initiatives.
dynamic knowledge sharing
An antique dealer buying items and hoping to sell them for more than he or she paid for them is the very definition of a:
business
The four major functions of a business include manufacturing/production, sales/marketing, finance/accounting, and _________________.
human resources
Which of the following statements represents a responsibility of the sales and marketing functional area?
Identifying customers
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
The order fulfillment process involves which of the following functional areas of the business?
Sales, accounting, manufacturing, and production
Which of the following is FALSE about the needs for information by different groups in an organization?
Knowledge workers need access to financial performance information.
A secretary assisting management is considered a _________ worker.
Data
Which of the following entities is NOT a part of the firm’s environment?
Employees
____________ focus on day-to-day operations of a business including managing sales, payroll, and receipts.
Transaction processing systems
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
_______________ is an emerging area where data is organized in a meaningful way to help managers make data-driven business decisions.
Business Intelligence
Examining a map that depicts different colors based on flu outbreaks is an example of a digital ____________.
Dashboard
__________________ are designed to capture critical processes, procedures, and experience to ensure this critical content isn’t lost when someone leaves the organization.
Knowledge management systems
eBay is an example of a/n ___________ because it sells products over the Internet.
Electronic Commerce
Someone visiting a government website to purchase a fishing license is specifically an example of:
E-government
________________ commonly involves sites like Twitter and Facebook to collaborate with customers.
Social Business
Which of the following is NOT a reason that collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever?
Growth of outsourcing
A ______________ is a social website that allows groups to meet together and share knowledge about a specific area like coins, space, or stamps.
community
Which of the following is NOT an application used in social business?
___________ commerce is a way for individuals to provide feedback and reviews about products and services.
Social
Which of the following is a file storage and synchronization service for cloud storage, file sharing, and collaborative editing?
Google Drive
A key benefit of collaboration is _______________, which focuses on deriving better and more unique ideas for products and services.
Innovation
Which capability of social software allows users to use real-time information streams, status updates, and announcements?
Feeds and Notifications
_________________ are information systems professionals who help bridge the relationships between programmers and end users to identify requirements for improved systems.
Systems Analysts
What is the advantage of having a centralized information services department, which operates as a separate department similar to other departments?
This is more likely to produce more compatible systems and more coherent long-term systems development plans.
A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.
CIO
For the sale of online used textbooks with many suppliers and low cost to switch to a different supplier, is an example of:
Customers having a lot of power
What are the four generic information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces?
Low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy
What is the domestic exporter strategy characterized by?
Heavy centralization of corporate activities in the home country of origin
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
Transnational firms have no single national headquarters but instead have many regional headquarters and perhaps a world headquarters. What is the transnational strategy characterized by?
Nearly all the value-adding activities are managed from a global perspective without reference to national borders.
Six sigma is a specific measure of _________, representing ____________________.
quality; 3.4 defects per million opportunities
Based on the information provided in this video, Porter’s Five Forces Model is useful to analyze a business and identify its _____.
strategic position within its industry
As David explains to Lauren, which of the following can force a business and its competitors to compete on price?
bargaining power of buyers
In this video dramatization, David diagrams Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. The force at the center of this model that is affected by the other forces is the _____.
intensity of rivalry within the industry
According to David, Walmart negotiates with manufacturers and wholesalers to keep their profit margins low so that Walmart can offer lower prices to its customers. This is an example of _____.
strong bargaining power of buyers [Walmart is the buyer]
Walmart’s decision to build fulfillment centers illustrates which force in Porter’s Five Forces Model?
Threat of new entrants
Which of Porter’s competitive forces model would describe an organization that loses customers due to its product prices being too high?
Substitute products and services
Which of the following is NOT an impact of the Internet on competitive forces and industry structure?
Reduces the price of products and services
Which type of activity within the value chain model is directly related to the production and distribution for a firm’s products and services?
Primary activities
Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary activity in the value chain?
Human resources management
Which of the following is NOT a way that information systems provide a competitive advantage?
Collecting and storing large amounts of data
Porter’s Five Forces Model states that the intensity of the competitive forces determines all of the following EXCEPT industry ________.
segmentation
Which of the following is NOT part of the description of a value web?
They promote communication among units.
When a firm does something in which they are a world-class leader, that activity would be considered to be a _____________ for the company.
core competency
If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a highly centralized operation with all corporate operations taking place in its home country, it is said to have a ___________ global strategy.
Domestic Exporter
A networked system configuration supports which of the following international business strategies?
Multinational and transnational
If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a highly centralized operation with financial management, but decentralizes production and marketing to other countries, is said to have a ___________ global strategy.
Multinational
If Koa’s Puppy Food Corporation maintains a strategy to take advantage of local competitive advantages and avoids the notion of national boarders, it is said to have a ___________ global strategy.
Transnational
Companies often use information systems to improve quality by ______________ as a way to set standards for products and services against predefined standards.
Benchmarking
To help improve quality, Delta Airlines installed customer care systems at some of its airport gates. The goal of this information system is to improve ______________________.
customer service and the quality of the product
Automobiles have the opportunity to use computer-aided design (CAD) to create virtual models of parts and even prototype vehicles. This use of information systems to improve quality is related to ______________________.
improving design quality and precision
The acronym related to organizational improvements, TQM, stands for ____________________.
Total quality management
The popular quality management technique that specifically calls for 3.4 defects per million opportunities is called
six sigma
______________ is a term, when described from a customer perspective, that involves demanding durability, safety, ease of use, as well as service effectiveness and responsiveness.
Quality
______________ is the total time it takes a child to purchase lemonade ingredients, create the lemonade, and set up operations for a neighborhood lemonade stand.
Cycle Time
______ is the acronym related to a leading model for improving business processes to enhance competitiveness.
BPM
____________ is the final and ongoing step of the business process management model.
Continuous Measurement
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the description of business process management (BPM)?
It works on increasing process throughput and quality.
In the Datacard Case, the company decided on a complete business process transformation. An example of a successful business process redesign described in the case included ________________.
the distribution of pricing to Datacard’s partners
–
____________ is a business process improvement model which is most know———-
n and used when dramatic change is needed to gain improvements in productivity and efficiency.
Business process reengineering
With E-commerce and the Internet, which of the following depicts a trend in advertising?
E-commerce and Internet advertising have grown while traditional advertising and commerce have remained flat.
What is emerging as a major business area of innovation that offers a flexible collection of computers on the Internet that can perform tasks previously performed on corporate computers?
Cloud computing
If you include hardware, software, networking, and necessary management consulting, this amounts to over ________ in 2015 in the United States
$1 trillion
A collection of computers on the Internet that allow for innovations such as software as a service (SaaS) is simply called (the):
Cloud.
IoT stands for the:
Internet of Things
For technology, which are the three interrelated advances that make MIS so exciting now and into the future?
Big data, cloud computing, and the mobile digital platform
Which of the following most accurately describes an information system?
A set of components that gather, analyze, store, and utilize information for making better decisions for a firm
What are the dimensions of information systems?
Organizations, People, and Information Technology
Apple’s ITunes and a traditional music store have very different business ___________ with regards to how they produce and deliver products to customers.
Models
An online store asking you to complete a customer satisfaction survey to better understand its customers after making a purchase is primarily addressing which business objective?
customer and supplier intimacy
An example of the business objective ___________ would include one online coin shop offering a free app that can detect fake coins, and all other online stores following this strategy or potentially going out of business.
Survival
_____ is output from an information system that is returned to key people who analyze it to, evaluate it, and refine inputs for the system.
Feedback
What are the steps of the problem solving process?
Problem Identification, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, and Implementation
What are the four elements of critical thinking?
Maintaining doubt and suspending judgment, Being aware of different perspectives, Testing alternatives and letting experience guide, and Being aware of organizational and personal limitations
The Problem-Solving Model consists of __________________, solution design, solution evaluation and choice, and implementation.
problem identification
The Problem-Solving Model phase where you determine a performance discrepancy that might be caused by an outdated system is the ________ phase.
problem identification
Regarding dimensions of business problems, a lack of properly trained employees is considered a ______________ dimension.
People
Which of the following is false about information systems?
Customers and suppliers are considered important elements of the information system as they provide key data.
_________ is when a company transfers tasks of the firm to other firms that operate in low-wage countries, possibly reducing job opportunities within the U.S.
Offshoring
What are the major objectives that businesses use information systems to achieve?
Operational excellence, new products, services, and business models; customer/supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and day-to-day survival
Because important financial documents are required to be submitted via the Internet in formats such as XBRL, ______________ has been impacted by information systems.
Accounting
_________________ has been impacted by information systems as things like traditional guest comment cards are transformed into online guest comment cards.
Marketing
Outsourcing to domestic U.S. firms and _____________ outsourcing are both considered ways to reduce costs by US organizations.
Offshore
Expansion to global markets requires more coordination of resources for a firm to create their goods. This has transformed the need for information systems for the field of ________________.
Operations management
Checking for quality and paying creditors would fall within which two functional areas?
Manufacturing and production, and finance and accounting
Enterprise Systems are also known as ________________.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
Business ______________ are the strategized steps and activities that are coordinated within an organization.
processes
_______________________ are the functional business processes responsible for quality assurance.
manufacturing and production
_______________________ is the functional business process responsible for managing cash accounts.
finance and accounting
Technology, economy, politics, and global changes are typically classified best by which of the following?
Broad, general, external environment groups that influence an organization’s strategy
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
ESS, DSS, and MIS systems all fall under the generic term of _______ systems as they help with the decision making process.
business intelligence
What solution would a corporation use if they had a collection of mostly older systems which they wanted to connect to one another?
Enterprise Applications
________________ focus(es) on providing decision making data available for middle managers to make sound business decisions.
Management information systems
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
Creating a new system that provides charts and graphs to assist senior management make non-routine decisions is called (a):
Executive support systems.
Systems designed to help maintain and improve customer data and its relationship with customers are called __________________ systems.
customer relationship management
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
A single screen of graphs or charts of key performance indicators is known as a(n) ________________________.
digital dashbaord
_____ refers to the use of social networking to extend a business’ collaboration efforts in order to engage and connect better with their employees, suppliers, and/or their customers.
Social Business
What is social business?
Use of social networking platforms to engage employees, customers, and suppliers
An important word associated with social business is ___________ which includes customers, suppliers, employees, managers, and oversight committees.
conversations
___________________ is/are an application of social business that allows for the opportunity to share documents.
File Sharing
Virtually anyone can set up a(n) ________________, an application of social business which allows for publishing opinions and experiences about a variety of topics.
Blog
Which of the following is an interorganizational system that provides a seamless flow of information to both suppliers of raw materials as well as to customers?
supply chain management system
_____ is responsible for enterprise-wide governance and usage of information to maximize the value of the organization’s data.
Chief data officer
Many companies have social networks that gather and use information from customers and employees thus creating an important role for the _____ to coordinate the protection of all data.
chief privacy officer
When a leading discount store’s database was breached, a lot of attention was on the company’s ____________________, who is specifically responsible for training employees about security.
chief security officer
The senior leadership position responsible for the organization’s data is called the ____________ officer.
chief data
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular
The senior leadership position responsible for the organization’s internal knowledge (i.e. tacit knowledge) is called the ____________.
chief knowledge officer
_____ are the people or groups, both internal and external to the organization, for whom applications are developed.
end users
For the sale of online used textbooks with many suppliers and low cost to switch to a different supplier, is an example of:
customers having a lot of power.
What are the four generic information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces?
Low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy
Michael Porter developed the ________________ model, which emerged as a leading model for better understanding the important concept of competitive advantage.
competitive forces
Porter’s competitive forces model includes _________ forces that impact every organization.
5
Porter’s competitive force concerned about barriers to entry is/are _______________.
new market entrants
in this video, samir describes how business executives use a bi application to drill down and see _____ data, the detail in the data such as data on a particular store or data on a particular item.
Granular