Republican Roosevelt and Election – History
This chapter is about 18th and 19th century American history including republican president Roosevelt, democracy, election, constitution amendments.
where did Americans live
in rural areas, because they worked on farms
Theodore Roosevelt
1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, “Great White Fleet”. Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. “Big Stick” policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.
Theodore Roosevelt’s trusts
Square Deal
progressive
Going forward to something considered better (antonym: retrogressive), A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
progressivism
change – all about change (reform),
The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.
muckraker
“the jungle”, 1906 – Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business
local progressive
Settlement House movements– Jane Addams and the Hull Hous
federal progressive
corporate income tax
square deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
16th amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
17th amendment
Direct Election of Senators
elkin act
prohibited railroads from accepting rebates; ensured customers paid same rates for shipping
heavy fines on railroads and shippers for rebates
Hepburn act
This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.
initiative
legislation and bypass state putting statues on ballot,
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
referendum
bill is on ballot allows voters to approve,
a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
recall
voters may remove an elected official,
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.
payne-aldrich tariff
passed by the U.S. Congress
first change in tariff laws since the Dingley Act of 1897; issue was ignored by Roosevelt. called for some reduced rates
sponsored by Sereno E. Payne, Senate substituted a bill, fathered by Nelson W. Aldrich; fewer downward revisions and increased numerous rates
election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
ballinger-pinchot affair
corupts when Colliers magazine accuses Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger of shady dealings in Alaskan coal lands.
populist
U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
progressives
A group of reformers who worked to solve problems caused by the rapid industrial urban growth of the late 1800s.
bull moose
nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912
Leon Czolgosz
Killed president McKinley in 1901. He was an anarchist, one who believes in the absence of government.
cross of gold speech
An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the “gold bugs” who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold.
populist –progressives
they try to give power to the people
asiatic exclusion league
shifting from rural countries to urban industrial boom
megopolis
used to designate large coalescing supercities that form in diverse parts of the world
the octopus
Frank Norris’s novel that recounted the depredations of California railroads
the jungle
Upton Sinclair book 1
following the color line
ray s. Baker
rate relations, where people move
McKinley
Republican,
businessmen professional skilled workers, prosperous farmers
Gold
“sound money” (1oz)
Bryan
sliver create inflation
what was silver compared to gold
1oz for every 16oz of silver
farmers used money to
pay off fixed debts
“free silver”
more silver into economy, get poor more cash
McKinley shake
could shake 50 people’s hands in 1 minute
who disliked McKinley
Leon colgosz
thinks people shouldn’t like him so much
McKinley assassination
round 1: shot off button
round 2: shot his stomach and into his back
what happened after he got shot
they couldn’t find any doctor besides a feminine doctor. couldn’t find the bullet patched him up and doesn’t eat. when he does it rips up his stomach and dies
Roosevelt plan
squared deal
plan consist of
conversation of natural resources (conserve)
control of coronations (trust)
consumer protection
election of 1908
Taft, Republican, won over Byran, Democrat, because of his support of Roosevelt.
taft
(1947) It outlawed the “closed” shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a non-Communist oath.
William Bryan
Populist who gained support of people who wanted US treasury to issue more silver currency; ran 3 times for president and was famous for his Cross of Gold speech.
Jacob riis
A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote “How The Other Half Lives” in 1890.
Robert M. La Follette
A great debater and political leader who believed in libertarian reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.
direct primary
A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office
reforms
initiative, referendum, and recall
progressives tried to solve
the social problem that arose as the united states became an urban, industrialized nation
Progressive era was a time
when many Americans tried to improve their society
how did American tried to improve their society
tried to make government honest, efficient, and more Democratic
progressive was a reaction towards
laissez-faire economics
industrialization and urbanization
caused many social problems
why did people think they could improve society
because of their strong faith in science and technology
pilgrims progress
a christian allegory/literature piece/book written by John Bunyan, is about a means search for eternal life
john Bunyan
English preacher and author of an allegorical novel, Pilgrim’s Progress (1628-1688)
what did muckrakers uncover
corruption in many areas
how did initiative, referendum, and recall change democracy in the united states
the states that allow it let people get more directly involved
what was the impact of the 17th amendment
religious hatred, trade increase, money economy, taxes, European exploration
what problem was the 17th amendment meant to slove
Weather Gentiles had to become Jews before becoming Christian
progressive tried to make
government more efficient and more responsive to citizens
Democratic reforms
right to vote, social security, minimum wage, unemployment insurance
who shot Roosevelt
John Schrank while greeting the public in front of the Gilpatrick Hotel.
which affiar split the republican party
ballinger-pinchot affair
Richard Ballinger
Taft’s Secretary of the Interior, allowed a private group of business people to obtain several million acres of Alaskan public lands