Cell Transport – Biology Exam
The key terms of Biology Exam include, Cell, Transport, Bonds, Thymine, Pairs, Base.
Chargaff’s Rule
equal amounts of adenine bonds with thymine and equal amount of guanine bonds with cytosine
RNA
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes
In RNA, A pairs with U and C pairs with G. At this point the base Uracil is put in place of Thymine (so A now bonds only with U).
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
aids in protein formation.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
reads the sequence of mRNA and structs the ribosome to assemble new proteins from amino acids that match. tRNA moves the amino acids and proteins around into the right places.
DNA vs RNA
DNA, sugar is deoxyribose, two strands, base – thymine
RNA, sugar is ribose, one strand, base – uracil, only molecule to enter or leave the nucleus
Genotype vs Phenotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup; what can be passed on to your children
Phenotype is the physical appearance; what is seen in you right now; how you look
Passive Transport
transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion
transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient
Light Reaction
the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP
Dark Reaction
the second stage of photosynthesis that starts with ATP, NADPH, and Carbon dioxide and produces glucose
Diffusion
the act of dispersing or diffusing something
Osomosis
the diffusion of water across a cell membrane.
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
ATP
a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue
Aerobic Respiration
When oxygen is present, the two pyrubates made during glycosis will enter the mitochondria to be further broken down in the Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain.
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that does not require oxygen
Meiosis
(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms;
One cell makes two gamete cells
2n -> n
Haploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes;
n – where n is the number of chromosomes
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics;
Base pair matching is:
Adenine bonds ONLY with Thymine,
Thymine bonds ONLY with Adenine,
Cytosine bond ONLY with Guanine
Guanine bond ONLY with Cytosine
DNA Replication
The DNA double helix strand separates and becomes a template for a new and identical strand. As the strand separates each A pairs with a T and T pairs with an A while each C pairs with a G and each G pairs with a C. If the original was ACTCAG then the new strand would be TGAGTC.
Chargaff’s Rule
equal amounts of adenine bonds with thymine and equal amount of guanine bonds with cytosine
RNA
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes
In RNA, A pairs with U and C pairs with G. At this point the base Uracil is put in place of Thymine (so A now bonds only with U).
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
aids in protein formation.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
reads the sequence of mRNA and structs the ribosome to assemble new proteins from amino acids that match. tRNA moves the amino acids and proteins around into the right places.
DNA vs RNA
DNA, sugar is deoxyribose, two strands, base – thymine
RNA, sugar is ribose, one strand, base – uracil, only molecule to enter or leave the nucleus
Genotype vs Phenotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup; what can be passed on to your children
Phenotype is the physical appearance; what is seen in you right now; how you look