Carbohydrate & Protein – Biochemistry Quiz
The key terms of Biochemistry Quiz include, Amino Acid, Protein, Body, Water, Carbohydrate, Essential, Element.
There are a total of __ amino acids and _______ are considered essential
20;9
The side chain on an amino acid may include which element?
Sulfur
A small chain of amino acids is called a
peptide
Each amino acid contains
an amine group and a carboxyl group
Proteins are necessary for which of the following?
a. Muscle structure
b. Immune system function
c. Neurotransmitter production
d. All of the above – correct
Nature uses the D or L form of carbohydrates
D
The two kinds of monosaccharides are
Aldoses, Ketoses
The bonds between carbohydrate monomers are called
Glycosidic
Starches are polymers made exclusively from
The difference between amylose and amylopectin are
The structure (branched vs linear)
Dietary fiber is
Complex Carbohydrates
Cellulose
Divided into soluble and insoluble
In the 2-compartment model for water in the body, water partitions into
Intracellular and extracellular
In the 3 compartment model for water in the body, the__________ compartment is further divided into interstitial and plasma compartments
extracellular
Fluid in the blood is classified specifically as _________ fluid
extracellular
In an ideally balanced human system water inputs would equal
Water outputs
An electrolyte is
a) sugar
b. fat
c. charged molecule – correct
d water
______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in extracellular fluid
Sodium
The hormone aldosterone regulates the concentrations of _______ and ________ in the body.
Potassium ions and sodium ions
_______ is the most common extracelluar cation, while _________ is the most abundant intracellular cation.
Sodium, potassium
The three most important buffer systems in body fluids include the bicarbonate buffer system, the ____ buffer system and the protein buffer system.
Phosphate
How is it possible for the rate and depth of breathing to affect hydrogen ion concentrations in body fluids?
The rate and depth of breathing does not alter hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids.
What is the normal pH of the blood?
7.35-7.45
What is the most significant plasma buffer?
bicarbonate
Which of these is not a consequence of vomiting?
a. dehydration
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis – correct
d. metabolic alkalosis
What is the most common intracellular buffer?
phosphate
Which of the following is the product of trans-deaminiatio reactions
a. urea
b. NH3
c. NH4 – correct
d. Carbonic acid
Which of the following terms is the total of all the breakdown processes in the body?
catabolism
Amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called
essential amino acids
The amino acid pool is
all the amino acids within the tissue and body fluids
Select the best definition of an enzyme
a. an enzyme is an amino acid that speeds up chemical reactions.
b. an enzyme is a protein that is consumed in the diet and aids in chemical reactions.
c. enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions and are destroyed in the process.
d. enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions and are not destroyed in the process. – correct
The bond that links to amino acids together is called
a peptide bond
There are a total of __ amino acids and _______ are considered essential
20;9
The side chain on an amino acid may include which element?
Sulfur
A small chain of amino acids is called a
peptide
Each amino acid contains
an amine group and a carboxyl group
Proteins are necessary for which of the following?
a. Muscle structure
b. Immune system function
c. Neurotransmitter production
d. All of the above – correct