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Carbohydrate & Protein – Biochemistry Quiz

The key terms of Biochemistry Quiz include, Amino Acid, Protein, Body, Water, Carbohydrate, Essential, Element.


There are a total of __ amino acids and _______ are considered essential

20;9


The side chain on an amino acid may include which element?

Sulfur


A small chain of amino acids is called a

peptide


Each amino acid contains

an amine group and a carboxyl group


Proteins are necessary for which of the following? 
a. Muscle structure
b. Immune system function
c. Neurotransmitter production
d. All of the above – correct


Nature uses the D or L form of carbohydrates

D


The two kinds of monosaccharides are

Aldoses, Ketoses


The bonds between carbohydrate monomers are called

Glycosidic


Starches are polymers made exclusively from

Glucose


The difference between amylose and amylopectin are

The structure (branched vs linear)


Dietary fiber is

Complex Carbohydrates
Cellulose
Divided into soluble and insoluble


In the 2-compartment model for water in the body, water partitions into

Intracellular and extracellular


In the 3 compartment model for water in the body, the__________ compartment is further divided into interstitial and plasma compartments

extracellular


Fluid in the blood is classified specifically as _________ fluid

extracellular


In an ideally balanced human system water inputs would equal

Water outputs


An electrolyte is 
a) sugar
b. fat
c. charged molecule – correct
d water


______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in extracellular fluid

Sodium


The hormone aldosterone regulates the concentrations of _______ and ________ in the body.

Potassium ions and sodium ions


_______ is the most common extracelluar cation, while _________ is the most abundant intracellular cation.

Sodium, potassium


The three most important buffer systems in body fluids include the bicarbonate buffer system, the ____ buffer system and the protein buffer system.

Phosphate


How is it possible for the rate and depth of breathing to affect hydrogen ion concentrations in body fluids?

The rate and depth of breathing does not alter hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids.


What is the normal pH of the blood?

7.35-7.45


What is the most significant plasma buffer?

bicarbonate


Which of these is not a consequence of vomiting? 
a. dehydration
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis – correct
d. metabolic alkalosis


What is the most common intracellular buffer?

phosphate


Which of the following is the product of trans-deaminiatio reactions
a. urea
b. NH3
c. NH4 – correct
d. Carbonic acid


Which of the following terms is the total of all the breakdown processes in the body?

catabolism


Amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called

essential amino acids


The amino acid pool is

all the amino acids within the tissue and body fluids


Select the best definition of an enzyme


a. an enzyme is an amino acid that speeds up chemical reactions.
b. an enzyme is a protein that is consumed in the diet and aids in chemical reactions.
c. enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions and are destroyed in the process.
d. enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions and are not destroyed in the process. – correct


The bond that links to amino acids together is called

a peptide bond


There are a total of __ amino acids and _______ are considered essential

20;9


The side chain on an amino acid may include which element?

Sulfur


A small chain of amino acids is called a

peptide


Each amino acid contains

an amine group and a carboxyl group


Proteins are necessary for which of the following? 
a. Muscle structure
b. Immune system function
c. Neurotransmitter production
d. All of the above – correct


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