Chapter 50: Acid-Controlling Test, Pharmacology
The key terms in this Pharmacology course include Acid-Controlling Test, Zollinger Ellison Syndrome, Hypertension, Famotidine, Gastric Acid, Antacids, Thrombocytopenia, Adverse Effect.
The nurse will monitor a patient taking an aluminium-containing antacid, such as aluminium hydroxide, for what adverse effect?
Gastrointestinal (GI) upset
Fluid retention
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Aluminium- and calcium-containing antacids cause constipation, magnesium-containing antacids cause diarrhoea, and sodium-containing antacids cause sodium and fluid retention.
What nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient receiving famotidine?
Risk for injury related to thrombocytopenia
Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to hypertension
Impaired urinary elimination related to retention
Risk for infection related to immunosuppression
A serious side effect of famotidine is thrombocytopenia, which is manifested by a decrease in platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. The patient receiving famotidine may experience hypotension as an adverse effect, not hypertension. Famotidine does not cause immunosuppression or urinary retention.
What condition will the nurse monitor for with a patient using sodium bicarbonate to treat gastric hyperacidity?
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypercalcemia
Solutions containing sodium bicarbonate (a base) can cause metabolic alkalosis. Serum potassium and serum calcium would decrease, not increase, with alkalosis.
The nurse will teach patients that antacids are effective in the treatment of hyperacidity based on what mechanism of action?
Decreases duodenal pH
Decreases gastric pH
Increases stomach motility
Antacids work by neutralizing gastric acid, which would cause an increase in pH. They do not affect gastric motility.
The nurse will question an order for misoprostol in what patient?
A 45-year-old woman with GERD
A 21-year-old man with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
A 64-year-old man with hypertension
A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a urinary tract infection
Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E analogue and is believed to inhibit gastric acid secretion and protect the gastric mucosa from injury by enhancing the local production of mucus. However, it is also an abortifacient and therefore is contraindicated in pregnancy. The drug may be useful in treating patients with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (a hypersecretory syndrome) and GERD. Hypertension is not a contraindication for its use.