Chapter 50: Acid-controlling test, Acid Secretion – Pharmacology for Nurses Exam
The key terms in this Pharmacology course include Acid-controlling, Acid Secretion, sucralfate, therapeutic effect, gastric mucosa, chronic renal failure, Antacid, Magnesium-containing antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), Achlorhydria, Pharmacology course.
How does sucralfate achieve a therapeutic effect?
By inhibiting the production of gastric acid secretion
By enhancing gastric absorption
By neutralizing gastric acid
Correct!
By forming a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa
Sucralfate has a local effect only on the gastric mucosa. It forms a protective barrier that can be thought of as a liquid bandage in the stomach. This liquid bandage adheres to the gastric lining, protecting against adverse effects related to gastric acid. It also stimulates healing of any ulcerated areas of the gastric mucosa.
For a patient with chronic renal failure, the nurse will question a prescription for what type of antacid?
Calcium-containing antacids
Sodium-containing antacids
Aluminum-containing antacids
Correct Answer
Magnesium-containing antacids
Magnesium-containing antacids can cause hypermagnesemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Aluminum-containing antacids may be used as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic renal failure. Sodium- and aluminum-containing antacids are chemically more easily excreted in patients with renal compromise. Although calcium-containing antacids may accumulate in the bloodstream of patients with renal failure, they may also be appropriate because these patients may be hypocalcemic.
Acid Secretion – Pharmacology for Nurses Exam
PPIs have the ability to almost totally inhibit gastric acid secretion. Because of this possibility, the use of the medication can lead to what condition?
Diverticulosis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Gastric ulcer formation
Correct!
Achlorhydria
Because PPIs stop the final step of acid secretion, they can block up to 90% of acid secretion, leading to achlorhydria (without acid) in a patient.
How will the nurse describe the action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Correct!
They irreversibly bind to the hydrogen–potassium–ATPase pump.
They help to neutralize acid secretions to promote gastric mucosal defensive mechanisms.
They compete with histamine for binding sites on the parietal cells.
They form a protective barrier that can be thought of as a liquid bandage.
PPIs work to block the final step in the acid-secreting mechanisms of the proton pump. They do this by irreversibly binding to the ATPase pump, H+/K+ ATPase, the enzyme for this step.
A patient with renal failure wants to take an antacid for a ” sour stomach “. The nurse needs to consider that some antacids may be dangerous when taken by patients with renal failure and will recommend which type of antacid ?
a. Activated charcoal
b. Calcium-containing antacids
c. Aluminum-containing antacids
d. Magnesium-containing antacids
Correct!
Aluminum-containing antacids
Calcium-containing antacids
Activated charcoal
Magnesium-containing antacids